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The Development department has 74 computers
The Production department has 52 computers
The Administrative department has 28 computers.
Each department is has a router that has 2 link addresses
In this example you are required to work out what the subnet addresses would be for the above scenario. There are three departments – each
requiring different numbers of computers. Your job will be to define what the subnets will be for each department as well as subnets for each of
the routers.
We can summarise and rank the different segment requirements as follows:
Subnet
Segment
Hosts
1
2
3
4
5
6
Development
Production
Administrative
Wan link 1
Wan link 2
Wan link 3
74
52
28
2
2
2
Subnet for the Development department
128 x 2 (CIDR /25) = 64 x 4 (CIDR /26) = 32 x 8 (CIDR /27) = 16 x 16 (CIDR /28) = 8 x 32 (CIDR /29) = 4 x 64 (CIDR /30) = 2 x 128
The biggest department needs a subnet large enough for 74 hosts. We can do this by dividing the 256 network into 2 subnets each with 128
computers. We cannot divide into four segments as each subnet would have a maximum of 62 addresses – not enough.
Need only 1 bit for the 2 subnets so therefore use CIDR /25 (CIDR is the number of bits used for the network plus the subnet bits)
Each subnet would have a max of 128 addresses
Subnet 1 (for the Development Department)
Subnet 2
Network ID 192.168.1.0
192.168.1.128
First host 192.168.1.1
192.168.1.129
Last host 192.168.1.126
192.168.1.254
Broadcast address 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.255
Subnet mask
255.255.255.128
The only addresses available to other departments are between 192.168.1.128 and 192.168.1.255
Subnet for the production department
128 x 2 (CIDR /25) = 64 x 4 (CIDR /26) = 32 x 8 (CIDR /27) = 16 x 16 (CIDR /28) = 8 x 32 (CIDR /29) = 4 x 64 (CIDR /30) = 2 x 128
Production department requires a subnet of 52 computers. Note that 12 addresses will be unused.
/26 networks always have subnet mask 255.255.255.192 – see the table on the last page.
256 / 4 = 64 hosts. So make a table that has addresses for 4 subnets
Network ID
First Host
Last Host
Broadcast Address
Subnet Mask
CIDR 26
Subnet 1
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.162
192.168.1.63
255.255.255.192
Subnet 2
192.168.1.64
192.168.1.65
192.168.1.126
192.168.1.127
255.255.255.192
Subnet 3
192.168.1.128
192.168.1.65
192.168.1.190
192.168.1.191
255.255.255.192
Subnet 4
192.168.1.192
192.168.1.193
192.168.1.254
192.168.1.255
255.255.255.192
Subnet used by
Development
Subnet used by
Development
Production Department.
No need to use this subnet
The network ID for the Production department is 192.168.1.128. The subnet mask is 192.168.1.192 and the CIDR is 26
Subnet for the Administration Department
There are 28 hosts required in the Administration Department subnet. This means we need to divide the network into 8 subnets, each of size 32
addresses.
128 x 2 (CIDR 25) = 64 x 4 (CIDR 26) = 32 x 8 (CIDR 27) = 16 x 16 (CIDR 28) = 8 x 32 (CIDR 29) = 4 x 64 (CIDR 30) = 2 x 128
The subnet to use for any and all /27 subnets is 255.255.255.224
Subnet
Network ID
First Host
Last Host
Broadcast Address
Subnet Mask
CIDR 27
1
0
1
2
32
3
64
4
96
5
128
6
160
31
63
95
127
159
191
Dev
Dev
Dev
Dev
Prod
Prod
7
8
192.168.1.192
224
192.168.1.193
192.168.1.222
192.168.1.223
255
255.255.255.224
Admin
WAN link 1 requires a subnet of 4 addresses.
128 x 2 (CIDR /25) = 64 x 4 (CIDR /26) = 32 x 8 (CIDR /27) = 16 x 16 (CIDR /28) = 8 x 32 (CIDR /29) = 4 x 64 (CIDR /30) = 2 x 128
NOTE that the subnet mask will be 255.255.255.252 when we divide a class c network into 64 subnets – see the table at the end.
Each of the WAN routers needs two IP addresses plus a broadcast IP address and a network IP address (4 addresses altogether). Therefore the
subnets for the routers will come from 192.168.1.0/30. There are 64 subnets for this network. We need to focus on choosing subnets of IP
addresses that have not been used for other subnets.
1
0
33
128
34
132
35
136
2
4
36
140
3
8
4
12
37
144
5
16
38
148
6
20
39
152
7
24
40
156
8
28
41
160
9
32
10
36
42
164
11
40
43
168
12
44
44
172
13
48
45
176
14
52
46
180
15
56
16
60
47
184
17
64
48
188
18
68
19
72
49
192
50
196
WAN link 1 requires two hosts and the first available subnet for this is subnet 57.
20
76
51
200
21
80
22
84
52
204
23
88
53
208
24
92
25
96
54
212
55
216
26
100
56
220
27
104
57
224
225
226
227
28
108
58
228
229
230
231
29
112
59
232
233
234
235
30
116
60
236
31
120
61
240
32
124
62
244
63
248
64
252
Subnet
Network ID
First Host
Last Host
Broadcast Address
Subnet Mask
CIDR
57 of 64
192.168.1.224
192.168.1.225
192.168.1.226
192.168.1.227
255.255.255.252
30
NOTE subnet mask is always 252 when dividing a network into 64 segments. Use the table at the end of this tutorial to look up the Subnet mask
for a particular segmentation of a network:
WAN link 2 requires two hosts and the first available subnet for this is subnet 58.
Subnet
Network ID
First Host
Last Host
Broadcast Address
Subnet Mask
CIDR
58 of 64
192.168.1.228
192.168.1.229
192.168.1.230
192.168.1.231
255.255.255.252
30
WAN link 3 is subnet 59
Subnet
Network ID
First Host
Last Host
Broadcast Address
Subnet Mask
CIDR
58 of 64
192.168.1.232
192.168.1.233
192.168.1.234
192.168.1.235
255.255.255.252
30
Subnet Masks for different sizes of network segment
CIDR
Total number
Network
Description:
Notation:
of addresses:
Mask:
-------------------------------------------------------------/0
4,294,967,296
0.0.0.0
Every Address
/1
2,147,483,648
128.0.0.0
128 /8 nets
/2
1,073,741,824
192.0.0.0
64 /8 nets
/3
536,870,912
224.0.0.0
32 /8 nets
/4
268,435,456
240.0.0.0
16 /8 nets
/5
134,217,728
248.0.0.0
8 /8 nets
/6
67,108,864
252.0.0.0
4 /8 nets
/7
33,554,432
254.0.0.0
2 /8 nets
/8
16,777,214
255.0.0.0
1 /8 net
-------------------------------------------------------------/9
8,388,608
255.128.0.0
128 /16 nets
/10
4,194,304
255.192.0.0
64 /16 nets
/11
2,097,152
255.224.0.0
32 /16 nets
/12
1,048,576
255.240.0.0
16 /16 nets
/13
524,288
255.248.0.0
8 /16 nets
/14
262,144
255.252.0.0
4 /16 nets
/15
131.072
255.254.0.0
2 /16 nets
/16
65,536
255.255.0.0
1 /16
-------------------------------------------------------------/17
32,768
255.255.128.0
128 /24 nets
/18
16,384
255.255.192.0
64 /24 nets
/19
8,192
255.255.224.0
32 /24 nets
/20
4,096
255.255.240.0
16 /24 nets
/21
2,048
255.255.248.0
8 /24 nets
/22
1,024
255.255.252.0
4 /24 nets
/23
512
255.255.254.0
2 /24 nets
/24
256
255.255.255.0
1 /24
-------------------------------------------------------------/25
128
255.255.255.128
Half of a /24
/26
64
255.255.255.192
Fourth of a /24
/27
32
255.255.255.224
Eighth of a /24
/28
16
255.255.255.240
1/16th of a /24
/29
8
255.255.255.248
5 Usable addresses
/30
4
255.255.255.252
1 Usable address
/31
/32
2
1
255.255.255.254
255.255.255.255
Unusable
Single host
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