Download Presentation - Nico Willemse, Benguela Current Large

Visualising and
Sharing Results
in the BCLME
Science-to-Governance
IWC 7, Barbados,
28-31 Oct 2013
Development of a
Convention (Principles)
• The cooperation, collaboration
and sovereign equality principle;
• sustainable use and management
of the marine resources;
• the precautionary principle;
• prevention, avoidance and
mitigation of pollution;
• the polluter pays principle; and
• protection of biodiversity in the
marine environment and
conservation of the marine
ecosystem.
Established Commission
• All structures and Functions,
incl.
• Ministerial Conference,
• Management Board,
• Ecosystem Advisory
Committee,
• Secretariat staff
• Technical Working Groups and
Committees
(Management
Board)
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
and Economic valuation of extractive
sectors in the BCLME
• Below are key sectors stakeholders recommended for
the valuation exercise – this does not include
ecosystem services;
• Fisheries
– All three countries
• Marine recreational activities
– Formalised activities mostly in Namibia and South Africa
• Mariculture
– Namibia and South Africa
• Oil and gas
– Oil explored and produced only in Angola
– Namibia exploring natural gas and for oil offshore
• Coastal and seabed mining
– Namibia and South Africa for diamonds
– Emerging sector for marine phosphate mining – not valued.
• Desalination and Ports
– not valued due to no data from stakeholders
Economic valuation of extractive sectors in
the BCLME
• Below are key sectors stakeholders recommended for
the valuation exercise – this does not include
ecosystem services;
• Fisheries
– All three countries
• Marine recreational activities
– Mostly in Namibia and South Africa (not valued)
• Mariculture
– Namibia and South Africa
• Oil and gas
– Oil explored and produced only in Angola
– Namibia exploring natural gas and for oil offshore
• Coastal and seabed mining
– Namibia and South Africa for diamonds
– Emerging sector for marine phosphate mining – not valued.
• Desalination and Ports
– not valued due to no data from stakeholders
Economic valuation of extractive sectors in
the BCLME
• Below are key sectors stakeholders recommended for
the valuation exercise – this does not include
ecosystem services;
• Fisheries
– All three countries
• Marine recreational activities
– Formalised activities mostly in Namibia and South Africa
• Mariculture
– Namibia and South Africa
• Oil and gas
– Oil explored and produced only in Angola
– Namibia exploring natural gas and for oil offshore
• Coastal and seabed mining
– Namibia and South Africa for diamonds
– Emerging sector for marine phosphate mining – not valued.
• Desalination and Ports
– not valued due to no data from stakeholders
Economic valuation of extractive sectors in
the BCLME
• Below are key sectors stakeholders recommended for
the valuation exercise – this does not include
ecosystem services;
• Fisheries
– All three countries
• Marine recreational activities
– Formalised activities mostly in Namibia and South Africa
• Mariculture
– Namibia and South Africa
• Oil and gas
– Oil explored and produced only in Angola
– Namibia exploring natural gas and for oil offshore
• Coastal and seabed mining
– Namibia and South Africa for diamonds
– Emerging marine phosphate mining – not valued.
• Desalination and Ports
– not valued due to no data
Economic valuation of extractive sectors in
the BCLME
• Below are key sectors stakeholders recommended for
the valuation exercise – this does not include
ecosystem services;
• Fisheries
– All three countries
• Marine recreational activities
– Formalised activities mostly in Namibia and South Africa
• Mariculture
– Namibia and South Africa
• Oil and gas
– Oil explored and produced only in Angola
– Namibia exploring natural gas and for oil offshore
• Coastal and seabed mining
– Namibia and South Africa for diamonds
– Emerging sector for marine phosphate mining – not valued.
• Desalination and Ports
– not valued due to no data from stakeholders
Science-to-Governance
Science Output/
Outcome
Proposed implementation
Governance Output/
Outcome
1. SAP advocate for
permanent mechanism for
LME management
- Develop and adopt Convention
- Incorporate National transboundary priorities
Ratified and implemented
Convention
Operational multi-sectorial
Commission
2. Regional Oil Spill Risk
Assessment and Coastal
Sensitivity Mapping
- Review and update national contingency plans and
coastal sensitivity maps (CSM)
- Develop and adopt Transboundary Oil Spill Response
Plans
Mitigation of negative effects
from spills on LME – stress
reduction and improve
environmental status
3. Transboundary surveys of
shared commercially
important fish stocks
- Map the distribution of shared fish stocks
- Develop joint management plans to improve
conservation and secure benefits
Joint Management Plans
Safeguarding of global
biodiversity assets – thus
livelihoods of people
5. Biodiversity mapping and
identification of areas for
improved conservation and
protection of marine
resources
- Validate the proposed areas and endorse
recommendations
- Engage national processes to declare MPAs, closed
seasons, etc.
Declare the protected areas
or implement closed
seasons, etc.
Northern boundary - Cabinda
Science identified the distribution
of commercially important
transboundary stocks:
1. Cape hakes, M. capensis and M.
paradoxus
2. Cape monkfish, Lophius
vomerinus
3. Cape horse mackerel, Trachurus
capensis
The proposed governance
mechanisms;
1. Developing a management plan
for the Orange River Mouth
(ORM) area, and a Marine TFCA
proposed offshore ORM by the
Southern African Development
Community;
2. BCC project to explore possibility
of protecting the Cunene River
Mouth (CRM);
3. Ang and Nam to do joint
management plan for H.
mackerel;
4. Nam and SA looking at whether
hakes are one or separate stocks
ANGOLA
CRM
NAMIBIA
ORM
SOUTH AFRICA
Southern boundary – Port Elizabeth
EXAMPLE
Transboundary fish stock surveys
Survey results are processed and analysed to
recommend Total Allowable Catch (TAC)
TAC recommendation based on 95%
confidence limits
Recommendations go to a National Advisory
Council for approval, BUT with no social and
economic analyses, purely scientific
Recommendation accepted as is
If not, back to scientist for more analysis and
“new” recommendation
TACs issued to companies and ready for fishing
WHY IS IT SENT BACK?
PERHAPS decision makers cannot translate
science into social and economic benefits –
they only hear about state of the stocks
Back to the drawing board to include social and economic
considerations – WHAT TO LOOK AT?
EXAMPLE
Conduct an economic and social
valuation of the recommended TAC and
consider what effect will this TAC have
on the following…
Economic benefits
• Tax revenues
• GDP contribution
• Export earnings
• Number of jobs
• Total income to workers
• Marine Resources Fund
• Development goals (MDGs)
• Monetary value of ecosystem goods and
services
Are we progressing toward
national development
targets, e.g. conservation, job
creation, education, etc.
Social benefits
• No of people with access to education
• No of people with access to health facilities
• No with secure incomes – food on the
table, roof, clothes
• No of people trained or capacitated
• Poverty and unemployment reduction
• Local economic development through reinvestment projects
Are we progressing toward
regional development targets
and meeting regional
obligations
Are we addressing
international obligations
under conventions, protocols,
etc.
EXAMPLE
Following the analyses, the technical team can propose more
than 1 scenario for decision makers to consider – one idea to
consider
Scenario 1
“Go Green”
•
•
•
•
Considers ONLY the
sustainability of the
resource with no increased
social and economic
benefits
Not very popular at all
Many times not regarded
as pro development
May – or may not –
consider alternative
conservation approaches
but not recommend them,
e.g. refugia, closed
seasons, etc.
Scenario 2
“Balancing Act”
•
•
•
•
Recognises the need for
trade-offs and promotes a
“conservation for
development” approach
Considers social and
economic benefits beyond
business as usual
Balancing is tricky – needs
to cater for short-term
needs while ensuring longterm sustainability
Recognises that
populations are growing an
so the demand for food
Scenario 3
“Human-centered”
•
•
•
•
•
“Get as much as you can
and get out” approach
Caused collapse of many
fisheries around the world
Can lead to over
capitalisation of fishing
sectors during boom and
lot of debt during bust
In absence of good income
generating alternatives,
NOT the way to go
No conservation – the
ocean will provide.
Social networking provides
access to info and
facilitates involvement
Thank you!
Muito Obrigado!