Download S3-Buffet.pps

Extending Crop Growth Monitoring System
(CGMS) for mapping drought stress at
regional scale
D. Buffet, R. Oger
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
F. Delongueville, B. Tychon
University of Liège, Sciences & Management Dept.
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
Workshop on Climatic Analysis and Mapping for Agriculture
14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy
European heat-wave in summer 2003
• Rainfall deficit
• Higher temperatures
But similar or different
impacts on various crops ?
August 2003 – © CNES
The effects of the drought on vegetation in August
2003 is clearly visible at a global scale.
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
Special meteorological weather conditions:
In Belgium, for specific crops,
productivities were similar or better
in 2003 than 2002 !!
DVS (Phenological Index)
This can be explained by earlier
maturity due to climatic conditions
more favorable than last year at the
same time.
Relative difference (%) between productivity in
July 2003 with the same period in 2002. (Derived
from SPOT-VGT images and meteorological data).
2003
2002
Monitoring drought stress
spatially and temporally
Decade
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
Belgian conditions in 2003
Drought is a temporary protracted period of deficient (unusual)
in water or moisture availability.
3 different droughts can be considered; Meteorological,
Hydrological and Agricultural droughts.
(sources FAO & NDMC)
Agricultural Drought:
Agricultural drought occurs when there is not enough soil moisture to
meet the needs of a particular crop at a particular time and in a
particular place resulting in extensive damage to crops.
•
•
•
It is the impact of meteorological and/or hydrological droughts on
crop yields and quality. => Rainfall & Soil Moisture Monitoring
Different impacts depending on the crop
Different impacts depending on the phenological stage
Spatialised Drought Index based on soil moisture deficit ratio
and specific to crops and their growth cycle
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
What is drought?
The aim of B-CGMS is to provide the Belgian authorities with
reliable, timely and objective estimations of crop yields /
productions at regional and national scales.
•
Based on the EU-CGMS (MARS – JRC)
•
B-CGMS = Agrometeorological model + Remote Sensing + Statistics
•
B-CGMS monitors crop development, driven by:
1.
2.
3.
4.
meteorological conditions
soil characteristics
crop parameters
satellite data
5 main crops + grasslands monitored at regional & national scales
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
An integrated system : B-CGMS
Extending B-CGMS for mapping drought
stress at regional scale
Soil Mapping Units
Administrative limits
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
Grid weather
14 480 Elementary Mapping Units
for Belgium
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Development and integration of a Drought Stress Indicator
using B-CGMS information (input and output data).
•
Meteorological data
•
Availability of spatially accurate soil characteristics
•
Availability of spatially land-use/land-cover
•
5 main crops + grasslands parameters
•
Spatial information
•
Time series (Monitoring)
Drought Stress Index
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
Extending B-CGMS for mapping drought
stress at regional scale
Actual soil
moisture
content
[cm3 cm-3]
Relative Soil
Moisture Index
[%]
θt
-
θwp
RSMI =
θfc - θwp
Soil moisture
content at field
capacity
[cm3 cm-3]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Soil moisture content
at wilting point
[cm3 cm-3]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
Step 1: Relative Soil Moisture Index
[RSMI]
θwp
θfc
 sat   r 
 (h)   r 
n


1   h
Vereecken
Pedotransfert
functions
Volumetric soil water content 
as a function of pressure
head h
sat = 0,81 + 0,0013*C - 0,283*BD
r = 0,015 + 0,005*C + 0,0139*OC
[cm³/cm³]
[cm³/cm³]
ln() = -2,486 + 0,025/S - 0,023*C - 0,351*OC - 2,617*BD
ln(n) = 0,053 - 0,009*S - 0,013*C + 0,00015*S²
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
B-CGMS Soil Moisture (inputs)
Actual soil
moisture
content
[cm3 cm-3]
Relative Soil
Moisture Index
[%]
θt
-
θwp
RSMI =
θfc - θwp
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
Relative Soil Moisture Index [RSMI]
θt
Crops
Weather
Soil
Temporal
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
B-CGMS Soil Moisture (outputs)
Soil moisture deficit threshold is crop specific
• RSMI <
T  Drought Stress
• RSMI >= T 
No Drought Stress
Forage Maize: T = 0.50
Winter Wheat: T = 0.55
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
Step 2: Soil Moisture Deficit Threshold
[T]
Water stress is crop specific and is function of the crop
phenological development stage.
•
Phenological development stages come from B-CGMS outputs
Forage Maize: SP = anthesis +/- 15 days ( 5 weeks)
Winter wheat: SP = From Stem elongation to grain
filling ( 8 weeks)
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
Step 3: Crop Sensitive Period [SP]
DSI is defined as the number of days affected by a water stress
which occurred during a critical period and for a given crop
Drought Stress Index =
∑ (RSMI
< T)
SP
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
Step 4: Drought Stress Index [DSI]
Step 5: Aggregation into administrative
limits
14 480 Elementary Mapping Units
26 Belgian Agro-statistical Circumscriptions
14 Belgian Agricultural Regions
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
570 Belgian Municipalities
DSI: detect water stress by crops
2003
Winter Wheat
Drought Stress Index
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
Forage Maize
DSI: Spatial comparaison
Drought Stress Index
2003
Yield 2003/2002 (%)
Yield 2003/2002 (%)
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
Drought Stress Index
1976
2002
2003
Drought Stress Index
Forage Maize
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
DSI: Temporal comparaison
DSI: Water stress monitoring
Week 19
Week 21
Week 22
Week 20
Week 23
Drought Stress Index
Forage Maize
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
Week 18
Conclusion
- Spatial water stress assessment (grid 10x10km or Administrative levels)
- Temporal water stress assessment (10-day time step)
Is based on:
- Meteorological parameters (Precipitation deficit assessment)
- Soil characteristics (Soil moisture deficit assessment)
- Crop specificities (Soil moisture deficit threshold)
- Phenological development stage (Crop sensitive period)
Useful tool for Administration:
- Water stress monitoring to identify calamities areas
- Water stress monitoring to identify affected crops
- Decision Support Tool for yield damage delineation and evaluation
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit
[email protected] – [email protected]
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre
Drought Stress Index allows: