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Grader initials:_____ Score:_________/45 Nerves and Muscles Problem Set HL Paper 2 11. (a) The diagram below shows an elbow joint. [5] (i) On the diagram, label a pair of antagonistic muscles. (ii) State the function of the structure labelled A. ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... (b) Explain the role of ATP in the contraction of skeletal muscle. ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Grader initials:_____ Score:_________/45 Nerves and Muscles Problem Set HL 12. (a) Outline the functions of the (i) synovial fluid ........................................................................................................................... (1) (ii) joint capsule ........................................................................................................................... (1) (b) State the name of the structure that links muscle to bone. ..................................................................................................................................... (1) (c) Describe the injuries involved in a sprain. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... (2) 13. Describe the roles of structures at the elbow joint, including nerves, muscles and bones, in movements of the human forearm. [8] ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ 2 Grader initials:_____ Score:_________/45 Nerves and Muscles Problem Set HL ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ 14. (a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of a sarcomere. [4] 3 Grader initials:_____ Score:_________/45 Nerves and Muscles Problem Set HL (b) Outline how skeletal muscle contracts. [5] ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ (c) Explain how nerve impulses are transmitted along and between neurons. [8] ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Grader initials:_____ Score:_________/45 Nerves and Muscles Problem Set HL ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ Paper 1 1. 2. What structure within muscle tissue is surround by membrane and has multiple nuclei? A. Muscle bundle B. Muscle fibre C. Myofibril D. Sarcomere Which structure is responsible for passing messages directly to effector organs? 5 Grader initials:_____ Score:_________/45 Nerves and Muscles Problem Set HL 3. 4. 5. What is the role of active transport in the transmission of nerve impulses by neurones? A. Propagates an action potential by pumping sodium ions across the membrane out of the neurone. B. Propagates an action potential by pumping sodium ions across the membrane into the neurone. C. Initiates the action potential needed for the transmission of an impulse by pumping calcium ions out of the endoplasmic reticulum. D. Establishes the resting potential needed for the transmission of an impulse by pumping sodium and potassium ions across the membrane. A process occurs in which the inside of a neuron develops a net positive charge compared with the outside. What is the name of this process? A. Resting potential B. Repolarization C. Depolarization D. Hyperpolarization The graph below shows changes in membrane potential in an axon during the passage of an action potential. What is causing the decrease in membrane potential at point X? A. Sodium ions entering the axon B. Potassium ions entering the axon C. Sodium ions leaving the axon D. Potassium ions leaving the axon 6 Grader initials:_____ Score:_________/45 Nerves and Muscles Problem Set HL 6. The diagram below shows the changes in membrane potential during an action potential. What occurs at the stages labelled 1 and 2? 1 7. 2 A. Na+ ions diffuse in; inside becomes more positive K+ ions diffuse out; inside becomes more negative B. K+ ions diffuse out; inside becomes more negative Na+ ions diffuse in; inside becomes more positive C. Na+ ions diffuse out; inside becomes more negative K+ ions diffuse out; inside becomes more positive D. Na+ ions diffuse in; inside becomes more positive K+ ions diffuse in; inside becomes more negative The diagram below shows part of a muscle fibre. What parts are labelled I and II? I I II II A. Myosin filaments Actin filaments B. Troponin filaments Tropomyosin filaments C. Tropomyosin filaments Troponin filaments D. Actin filaments Myosin filaments 7 Grader initials:_____ Score:_________/45 Nerves and Muscles Problem Set HL 8. 9. 10. When a nerve impulse is received by skeletal muscle it initiates a number of processes that result in contraction. What are the roles of Ca2, tropomyosin and ATP in contraction? Ca2 Tropomyosin ATP A. binds to troponin exposes binding site binds to myosin B. binds to myosin exposes binding site binds to troponin C. binds to actin exposes binding site binds to myosin D. binds to troponin binds to myosin binds to actin Which is the sequence of events in muscle contraction? I. Use of ATP II. Formation of cross bridges III. Release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum IV. Actin filament moves towards the centre of the sarcomere A. I → II → III → IV B. III → II → IV → I C. IV → I → II → III D. II → IV → I → III What is the role of ligaments in the elbow joint? A. Attach biceps to radius B. Reduce friction between humerus, ulna and radius C. Hold humerus, ulna and radius in proper alignment D. Secrete synovial fluid 8
