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Exploring Uses of Energy TEKS 5.6A {MELTS} What is ENERGY? Energy can cause motion and changes in matter. Energy is NOT matter. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Energy is the ability to do work. Work is done when a force moves an object. MELTS Mechanical Electrical Light Thermal Sound Mechanical Energy The energy in an object due to its position (potential energy) or motion (kinetic energy) Mechanical Energy: M is for Motion or Mechanical kinetic energy is the energy of motion. The faster an object moves and the greater its mass, the MORE kinetic energy it has. Example: A bus going 55mph has more kinetic energy than a car going 40mph. potential energy is stored energy. The higher above ground an object is and the greater its mass, the MORE potential energy it has. Electrical Energy Electrical energy is produced by charged particles moving from one place to another. Electrical Energy: electrical is electrons Atoms are made of Particles - ELECTRONS (negative - charge), PROTONS (positive + charge), and NEUTRONS (no charge). STATIC ELECTRICITY is the buildup of electricity on a object. THe “SHOCK” is a spark and sound produced when the charge jumps to another object. Electrical Energy The constant flow of electrons is called a CURRENT. THE PATH A CURRENT TRAVELS ON IS CALLED A CIRCUIT. Batteries “PUSH” electrons through CONDUCTORS (like wires). THe more batteries you use - the stronger the push - the more energy the electrons have (lights shine brighter). Electrical Energy An ELECTRIC CURRENT cannot travel through an open circuit or incomplete circuit. OPEN SWITCH, INCOMPLETE PATH, CUT WIRE = LIGHTS OFF CLOSED SWITCH, COMPLETE PATH = LIGHTS ON Electrical Energy CONDUCTOR: MATERIALS THAT ALLOW ELECTRICITY OR AN ELECTRIC CURRENT TO TRAVEL THROUGH THEM (METALS ARE GOOD! ESPECIALLY COPPER) INSULATOR: mATERIALS THAT DO NOT ALLOW (RESIST) ELECTRIC CURRENT TO TRAVEL THROUGH THEM (COVERING OR PLASTIC COATING OF THE WIRES) Electrical Energy Parts of a circuit: power source (battery or outlet), conductors, and job to do - called the device or the load. Don’t build a circuit without a job. That’s dangerous and it’s called a short circuit. Electrical circuits allow electrical energy to be changed into other forms of energy - sound, mechanical, thermal, light. Electrical Energy - two types of circuits Series Circuit - one continuous loop or path Parallel Circuit - each device is on its own separate loop or path Light Energy Light Energy is visible energy. A type of electromagnetic radiation that can be seen. Light Energy Light is made of waves, but it travels in straight lines. Light is produced by other forms of energy (like electrical). Light is transmitted, absorbed, reflected, refracted. Light can travel through empty space (called a vacuum) and travels slower through other mediums (like air, glass, water). Light Energy Light is refracted as it travels through different materials and the rays slow down. THis makes objects appear bent or broken. Light is Reflected (Bounced) off of shiny objects like mirrors. Light is transmitted when it passes through an object like a window of clear glass. Light is absorbed into dark colors and non-shiny surfaces. Thermal Energy = HEAT Moving particles have energy. The energy of moving particles produces heat. Thermal Energy: THermal like THermometer (tool to measure Heat) Thermometers are used to measure the amount of thermal energy. That’s called TEMPERATURE. (Faster Particles = HOTTER Slower = COLDER) Conductors - allow heat to travel through them easily (metals) Insulators - slow the flow of heat (plastic, cloth, rubbber, wood) Heat TRANSFERS from WARMER to COOLER objects or places. Sound Energy Energy you can hear. Sound is produced by vibrating objects (motion) and travels in waves. Sound Energy Sound can only travel through matter and not a vacuum (empty space). Sound vibrates particles from the source to your ear. Sound is originated with motion (like hitting a drum, blowing air through an instrument’s mouthpiece, tapping) Pitch: how high or low a sound is (high= more frequent vibrations like a tight guitar string low = fewer vibrations) Other Forms of Energy chemical energy: stored in the foods we eat and in fuel we burN (like fossil fuels, wood, gasoline) Nuclear energy: used to generate power or kill cancer cells;produced by breaking apart atoms Radiant energy: Kinetic energy of light, heat, and radiation waves, Electromagnetic, Ex: x-rays, lighting fixtures or lamps, solar energy