Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
HONORS ECOLOGY II - REVIEW SHEET Level of Understanding Objectives 1. __ Identify, contrast, and give examples of abiotic and biotic factors 2. __ Identify and give examples of organisms in each of the trophic levels 3. __ Explain how the laws of thermodynamics influence trophic structure patterns 4. __ Make predictions about the consequences of eliminating species from particular trophic levels 5. __ Identify the three patterns of population distribution and explain what factors lead to the formation of each 6. __ Suggest means of estimating population size, and make calculations of population estimates from data collected 7. __ Graph and contrast type I and type III species survivorship 8. __ Contrast the two types of population growth 9. __ Calculate and graph population growth from initial data 10. __ Contrast density-independent and density-dependent limiting factors 11. __ Define and give examples of the five common species interactions (predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalisms) 12. __ Contrast the life history characteristics of r-selected and Kselected species 13. __ Define and give an example of ecological succession, including pioneer and climax community species 14. __ Determine the species richness and relative abundance of species in the field 15. __ Calculate Shannon-Weaver Biodiversity from collected data, discuss the species-area relationship, and explain human effects biodiversity 16. __ Define alien or exotic species and give an example and identify common characteristics of such species 17. __ Diagram and describe the greenhouse effect, and its effects on the biosphere 18. __ Identify current human population growth patterns, contrast age structures of developing and developed countries, and explain their ecological impact 19. __ Diagram and describe the biological and abiotic components of and processes involved in the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water 20. __ Design an experiment that tests the effect of an ecological variable 21. __ Identify independent and dependent variables, and experimental and control groups in ecological research 22. __ Read and comprehend technical ecological literature 23. __ Use computer software to simulate ecological situations and make appropriate conclusions Need Help Need Review Understood Vocabulary __ abiotic __ biotic __ trophic __ autotroph __ producer __ photosynthesis __ sunlight energy __ sugar energy __ heterotroph __ primary consumer __ herbivore __ secondary consumer __ carnivore __ tertiary consumer __ higher level consumer __ decomposer __ cellular respiration __ ATP energy __ law of thermodynamic __ 1st law (conservation) __ 2nd law (entropy) __ trophic cascade __ population __ population density __ random distribution __ uniform distribution __ clumped distribution __ population size __ N (total pop. variable) __ n (current pop. variable) __ r (net reproductive rate) __ birth rate __ death rate __ immigration rate __ emigration rate __ population estimate __ mark-recapture __ precensus __ mark __ M (marked variable) __ harmless mark __ permanent mark __ census __ recapture __ R (recapture variable) __ N = (n x M) / R __ type I survivorship __ type III survivorship __population growth __ exponential growth __ J-shaped curve __ N = (r x N) + N __ logistic growth __ K (carrying capacity) __ S-shaped curve __ N = [(rxN)((K–N)/K)] +N __ limiting factors __ density-dependent __ density-independent __ predation (+ -) __ predator __ prey __ predator-prey cycle __ competition (- -) __ intraspecific competition __ interspecific competition __ parasitism (+ -) __ parasite __ host __ mutualism (+ +) __ commensalisms (+ 0) __ symbiosis __ competitive exclusion __ resource partitioning __ niche __ r-selected species __ K-selected species __ ecological succession __ primary succession __ secondary succession __ pioneer species __ climax community __ keystone species __ disturbance __ species richness __ S (richness variable) __ relative abundance __ ni / N __ biodiversity __ H (biodiversity variable) __ H = -[(ni/N) ln (ni/N)] __ biodiversity maximum __ H max = ln S __ biodiversity threats __ habitat destruction __ alien species __ overexploitation __ pollution __ hot spots __ greenhouse effect __ greenhouse gases __ global warming __ carbon dioxide __fossil fuels __ ecological footprint __ climate change __ age structure diagrams __ top heavy age structure __ bottom heavy age str. __ post-modern societies __ industrial societies __ developing societies __ carbon cycle __ nitrogen cycle __ water cycle __ phosphorus cycle __ independent variable __ dependent variable __ control group __ experimental group Equations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. N est = [(n)(M)]/R r = (birth rate + immigration rate) – (death rate + emigration rate) N exponential = [(r)(N)] + N N logistic = [(r)(N)[(K – N)/K]] + N H = -[(ni/N) ln (ni/N)] H max = ln S