Download How are weather and climate different?

Weather and Climate
Name: ________________________________
Science Notes: Weather and
Climate
Do not thrown them away
until you are told to do so!
Vocabulary
Weather and Climate
1. ______________________- the condition of the atmosphere at a certain time
and place
2. ______________________- the average weather in a region over many years
3. ______________________- a huge body of air that moves from place to place
4. ______________________- the place where two air masses of different
temperatures meet
5. ______________________- the front that forms when a cold front overtakes a
warm front
6. ______________________- the scientific study of the earth’s atmosphere
7. ______________________- a tall, thick, white cumulus cloud that is dark at the
bottom; also known as a thunderhead
8. ______________________- an area of low air pressure with circling winds
9. ______________________- a stormy cyclone with high winds that forms over
the Atlantic Ocean
10. ______________________- a stormy cyclone with high winds that forms over
the Pacific Ocean
11. ______________________- a cyclone that extends down from a
cumulonimbus cloud and forms a funnel-shaped cloud
Section 1: Air on the Move
Weather and Climate
______________________ is the condition of the atmosphere at a certain time and
place.
______________________ is the average weather in a region over many years.
Weather and climate ______________________ people’s lives in many ways.
Ex. clothing, activities, outdoor jobs, tourism
How are weather and climate different?
Air Masses
______________________, air pressure, humidity, wind speed,
______________________, and precipitation are all apart of what makes up
weather.
However, the weather in an air changes because of air ______________________.
An ______________________ is a huge body of air that moves from place to
place.
Air masses can cover ______________________ or ______________________
areas.
They can have low or high ______________________.
They can be ______________________ or ______________________.
An air mass over the North Pole is very ______________________cold.
An air mass over the equator is very ______________________.
As an air mass travels over an area, it can change the area’s
______________________ or ______________________.
Weather and Climate
Air masses can ______________________, but they do not
______________________together.
The place where two air masses of different temperatures meet is called a
______________________.
Clouds and ______________________, such a rain or snow, often form at fronts.
When a warm air mass moves into a cold air mass, a ______________________
front forms.
 As the warm air rises over the cold air, the warm air
______________________.
 As it cools, water vapor condenses and forms ______________________.
 There is usually ______________________ or snow along a warm front.
 After a warm front passes, the temperature ______________________.
When a cold air mass moves against a warm air mass, a
______________________ front forms.
 The cold air pushes ______________________.
 This forces the warm air up ______________________ the cold air.
Weather and Climate
 The rising warm air quickly ______________________, causing short but
heavy ______________________ or ______________________ showers.
 Temperatures ______________________ as the cold front passes.
 Cold fronts move much ______________________ than warm fronts.
Sometimes a cold front ______________________ a warm front.
This is called an ______________________ front.
 An occluded front produces ______________________ weather than a cold
or a warm front.
Weather and Climate
What is the difference between a warm front and a cold front?
Weather Forecasting
Weather ______________________ is based on ______________________, the
scientific study of the earth’s atmosphere and weather.
______________________ used for weather forecasts comes from many places.
Weather stations have instruments that measure air pressure,
______________________, wind speed and direction, air
______________________, and the amount of precipitation.
Weather information also comes from ______________________, weather
balloons, ocean floats, airplanes, that carry instruments, and
______________________.
______________________ collect and ______________________ the data.
The computers then make ______________________ of possible weather
______________________.
Meteorologists use computers to put information on ______________________.
 They ______________________ the maps several times each day.
 Other meteorologists ______________________ the maps and computer
models.
 Computers may also help meteorologists ______________________ the
data.
Section 1 Review
Weather and Climate
What is the place where two air masses meet?
What is the difference between climate and weather?
What are three ways meteorologists gather weather data?
Section 2: Storms
A ______________________ is a short, violent storm with rain, lightening, and
thunder.
It happens when warm, ______________________ air ______________________
quickly.
The air may be forced ______________________ by a mountain or a cold front.
The warm, humid air cools as ______________________ as it rises.
This turns the moisture in the air into ______________________.
Thunderstorms may also occur on hot summer afternoons, when the earth’s surface
______________________ ______________________ air.
Weather and Climate
As the warm air rises and then cools, it forms ______________________ clouds.
More warm air, called an ______________________, blows up through the clouds.
The updraft turns the cumulus cloud into a ______________________ cloud.
Cumulonimbus clouds are tall, thick, white cumulus clouds with dark bases (also
known as ______________________).
______________________ charges build up in ______________________.
When these electric charges are thrown off, or ______________________, they
cause ______________________.
The heat from lightning suddenly ______________________ the air.
This ______________________ the sound of thunder.
Weather and Climate
If you are outdoors during a thunderstorm, look for ______________________.
If you cannot find shelter, lie down or crouch in a low spot such as a
______________________.
Do not look for shelter under a ______________________.
The tree might be ______________________ by lightning, or the wind might
break the branches.
Highs and Lows
A high is an area where the air ______________________ is very
______________________.
Weather and Climate
A low is an area where the air ______________________ is very
______________________.
Wind is moving air. It forms when air moves from ______________________ pressure areas to ______________________ -pressure areas.
Usually winds blow out from the center of a ______________________ toward
a ______________________.
Most of the time, high air pressure means ______________________
______________________.
Low air pressure means ______________________ or
______________________ weather.
Almost all storms are caused by ______________________.
Low Pressure Storms
A ______________________ is an area of low air pressure. It has
______________________ winds.
The low pressure is caused by warm air ______________________.
Weather and Climate
Winds blow ______________________ the ______________________ left by
the rising air.
As the winds blow, they circle around the ______________________ of the
______________________.
Cyclones ______________________ as they spin around.
They move across land at a rate of ______________________ miles a day.
A ______________________ is a stormy cyclone with
______________________ winds.
It forms over the ______________________ Ocean near the
______________________.
A hurricane gets energy from ______________________
______________________ water.
As a hurricane moves into colder northern waters or over land, it usually
______________________.
However, it can do a lot of ______________________ along the coast and
cause flooding inland.
A storm has to have winds of at least ______________________ to be a
hurricane.
Weather and Climate
However, hurricane winds of more than 130 miles per hour are
______________________.
A stormy cyclone with high winds that forms over the
______________________ Ocean has a different name. It is called a
______________________.
A ______________________ is a cyclone that extends down from a
cumulonimbus cloud and forms a ______________________ -shaped cloud.
The spinning winds sometimes reach speeds of ______________________.
Tornadoes do not cover as much ______________________ as most cyclones.
However, they are much more ______________________.
Most of the tornadoes on earth occur in the ______________________ Plains
and the ______________________ Valley in the United States.
Weather and Climate
What are the four low-pressure storms, and how are they formed?
Section 2 Review
Why does lightning form in thunderstorms?
What kind of weather does high air pressure bring?
What kind of weather does low air pressure bring?
Weather and Climate
Section 3: The Earth’s Climate Zones
Many things affect an areas ______________________ such as latitude,
mountains, water, and ocean currents.
Latitude
Regions near the ______________________ get a lot of sunlight.
The rays of the sun strike the earth most ______________________ at the
equator.
Near the poles, the rays ______________________ out over a much larger area.
This makes the rays ______________________.
Mountains
Weather and Climate
Mountains ______________________ the flow of most winds.
The land on the side of a mountain facing the ______________________ gets a
lot of ______________________.
This happens because winds drive ______________________ over the
mountains.
As the clouds ______________________, they ______________________ and
drop rain or snow.
After crossing the mountain, the winds are ______________________.
Often a ______________________ is on the leeward side of a mountain, which
is the side ______________________ from the wind.
Water
Large ______________________ of water affect climate, too.
This is because water ______________________ and holds the
______________________ well.
Places near water have ______________________ temperatures all year than
places inland.
Ocean Currents
Ocean ______________________ also affect climate.
For example, the warm ______________________ current flows across
Northern Atlantic Ocean toward Europe.
This current ______________________ winter air over northwestern Europe.
Weather and Climate
What are four things that affect climate?
Types of Climate
There are ______________________ main types of climate zones: tropical,
polar, and temperate.
______________________ Climate Zones:
 Very warm and have no true ______________________ season.
 These climates often have ______________________ rainfall.
 ______________________ has a tropical climate.
______________________ Climate Zones:
 They have no true ______________________ season.
 They have only a little ______________________.
 This is usually in the form of fine, ___________ ___________.
 This is because the air is too ______________________ to hold much
water.
 Northern ______________________ has a polar climate.
______________________ Climate Zones:
 ______________________ than polar climates.
Weather and Climate
 They are also ______________________ then tropical climates.
 Summers are ______________________ and winters are
______________________.
 The precipitation ______________________.
 Most of the _______________ ________________ has a temperate
climate.
Any kind of climate can be ______________________ for people.
People can get ______________________ from being out in the cold and wind
too long.
Exposure to too much sun can cause ______________________.
High heat and humidity can cause _______________
________________.
What are three main types of climates? How are they different?
Section 3 Review
How can mountains affect climate?
How are seasons in polar climates different from seasons in tropical climates?