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The Shoulder
Complex
Muscles of the AC Joint
Chapter 4
Movements of the Scapula
1. Elevation
2. Depression
3. Adduction (retraction)
4. Abduction (protraction)
5. Downward rotation
6. Upward rotation
Anterior Muscles
 Pectoralis Minor
 Serratus Anterior
Pectoralis Minor
 Origin: Anterior surface
of 3, 4, and 5 ribs
 Insertion: Coracoid
process
 Actions:
 AC Abduction
 Downward rotation
 Depression
Serratus Anterior
 Origin: Lateral surface
of upper 8 ribs
 Insertion: Anterior
surface of medial
border and inferior
angle of scapula.
 Actions:
 AC Abduction
 Upward Rotation
Posterior Muscles
 Levator Scapluae
 Trapezius
 Rhomboid
Levator Scapulae
 Origin: Transverse
processes of the first 4
cervical vertebrae.
 Insertion: Superior
angle and medial
border of the scapula.
 Actions: Elevation
Trapezius
 Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum
nuchae, spinous process of the C7 and
all Thorasic vertebrae
 Insertion:
 1. Lateral 1/3 of clavicle.
 2. Top of Acromion process.
 3. Upper border of spine of the
scapula.
 4. Medial surface of spine of the
scapula.
 Actions:
 Upper – elevation of the scapula
 Middle – elevation, upward rotation, & AC adduction
 Lower – depression, AC adduction and upward rotation

Upper – elevation

Middle – elevation, upward rotation, &
adduction

Lower – depression, adduction and upward rotation
Pull of the
lower fibers
Movement
of scapula
Rhomboid (major and minor)
 Origin: Ligamentum
nuchea and spinous
process of C1-7 and 2-5
T
 Insertion: Medial border
of the scapula
 Actions:
 AC Adduction
 Downward rotation,
 Elevation
Subclavius
 Origin: Superior aspect of
first rib
 Insertion: Inferior aspect
at mid-clavicle
 Action
 Depression
 Stabilization
Muscles of the Shoulder
Joint
Chapter 5
Anterior Shoulder (GH Joint)
Muscles
 Coracobrachialis
 Pectoralis Major
 Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis
 O: Coracoid process
 I: Anteromedial
surface of midshaft
of humerus
 Actions:
 Flexion
 Adduction of the
shoulder
 Horizontal Adduction
Pectoralis Major
 Origin:
 Medial two-thirds of clavicle
 Sternum
 Insertion: intertubercular groove
 Actions
 Upper fibers (Clavicular)
 Internal rotation
 Horizontal Adduction
 Flexion
 GH Adduction
 [Abduction w/ Arm above 90 degrees]
 Lower fibers (Sternal)
 Internal Rotation
 Horizontal adduction
 Extension
 GH Adduction
Subscapularis
 O: Subscapular fossa
 I: Lesser tubercle and
crest of humerus
 Actions:
 Internal Rotation
 GH Adduction
 Extension from flexed
position
 Stabilization
 Anterior Rotator Cuff
Muscle.
Superior Shoulder Muscles
 Deltoid
 Supraspinatus
Deltoid
 Origin
 Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
(Anterior fibers)
 Acromion process
(Middle
fibers)
 Spine of scapula
(Posterior fibers)
 Insertion – deltoid tuberosity
 Actions
 Anterior – GH Abduction, Flexion, Horizontal adduction, &
Internal rotation.
 Middle – GH Abduction
 Posterior – GH Abduction, Extension, Horizontal abduction, &
External rotation
Supraspinatus
 O: Supraspinous
fossa
 I: Greater tubercle
 Action:
 GH Abduction
 Stabilization
 Superior Rotator
Cuff Muscle.
Inferior Shoulder Muscles
 Latissimus Dorsi
 Teres Major
Latissimus Dorsi
 O: Spinous process of
lower 6 thorasic and
all lumbar and sacral
vertebrae; iliac crest
 I: Intertubercular
groove
 Actions:
 Extension
 GH Adduction
 Horizontal Abduction
Teres Major
 O: Inferior angle of
scapula
 I: Intertubercular
groove
 Actions:
 Extension
 GH Adduction
 Internal rotation
 “Lats little helper”
Posterior Shoulder Muscles
 Infraspinatus
 Teres Minor
Infraspinatus
 O: Infraspinous fossa
 I: Greater tubercle
 Actions:




External rotation
Horizontal abduction
Extension
Stabilization
 Posterior Rotator Cuff
Muscle
Teres Minor
 O: Upper 2/3 of lateral
border of scapula
 I: Greater tubercle
 Actions:




External rotation
Horizontal abduction
Extension
Stabilization
 Posterior Rotator Cuff
Muscle
Practice
 Name the actions of the






scapula (AC joint)
Elevation
Depression
Adduction (retraction)
Abduction (protraction)
Upward rotation an
Downward rotation.
 Name the actions of the








shoulder (GH) joint.
Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
Horizontal adduction
Horizontal abduction
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation.
Scapula
Adduction Abduction
Trap
Pect Minor
(middle)
Trap
Serratus
(lower)
Ant.
Rhomboids
Upward
Rotation
Serratus
Ant.
Trap
(middle)
Trap
(lower)
Downward
Rotation
Pect Minor
Rhomboid
Practice
 Name the muscles for  Name the muscles for




Horizontal Adduction
Pect Major (upper)
Pect Major (lower)
Corachobrachialis
Deltoid (anterior)




Horizontal Abduction
Deltoid (post)
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Lats
Practice
 List the muscles the
do flexion of the
shoulder
 List the muscles the
do AC adduction
Name the muscle.
Coracobrachialis
Name the action
Adduction of
the shoulder
Name the muscle.
Pectoralis Major
Name the muscle.
Rhomboid
Name the action
Adduction of
scapula
Name the muscle.
Pectoralis minor
Name the action
Depression of
the scapula
Name the muscle.
Subscapularis
Name the action
Internal
rotation of the
shoulder
Name the muscle.
Trapezius
Name the action
Adduction of
the scapula
Name the action
Upward
rotation
Name the muscle.
Levator scapula
Name the action
Elevation of
the scapula
Name the muscle.
Deltoid
Name the action
Abduction of
shoulder
Name the muscle.
Infraspinatus
Name the action
External
rotation
Name the muscle.
Name the action
Teres Major
Adduction of
scapula
Name the muscle.
Serratus Anterior
Name the action
Abduction of
scapula
Name the muscle.
Teres Minor
Name the action if the humerus move directly to the posterior
Extension of the shoulder
Name the muscle.
Supraspinatus
Name the action
Abduction of the shoulder
?
Latissimus Dorsi
Coracobrachialis
Subscapularis
Pect. Major
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Teres Major
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Pectoralis Minor
Levator Scapula
Rhomboid
?
 Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae,
spinous process of the C7 and all Thorasic v.
 Insertion:




1. Lateral 1/3 of clavicle.
2. Top of Acromion process.
3. Upper border of spine of the scapula.
4. Medial surface of spine of the scapula.
 Actions:
 Upper – elevation
 Middle – retraction and upward rotation
 Lower – depression and upward rotation
?
 Origin: Supraspinatus fossa
 Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus
 Action: Weak abduction; stabilization
 Name another muscle that abducts the
shoulder.
?
 Origin: Medial 2/3 of the clavicle; medial
portion of the first 6 ribs & the adjoining
sternum.
 Insertion: Outer lip of the intertubercular
groove.
?
 Origin: 1) posterior crest of the iliac crest,
2) back of the sacrum and spinous
processes of the lumbar and the lower 6
thorasic vertebrae and 3) inferior angle in
some
 Insertion: Intertubercle groove
 Name a muscle that would have the same
actions as this one.
?
 Origin: Ligamentum nuchea and spinous
process of C1-7 and 2-5 T
 Insertion: Medial border of the scapula
 Actions: Downward rotation, retraction,
and elevation
?
 Origin: Lateral surface of upper 8 ribs
 Insertion: Anterior surface of medial border
and inferior angle of scapula.
 Actions: Protraction (upper) and Upward
Rotation (upper and lower)
?
 Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, border of Acromion,
lower edge of the spine of the scapula
 Insertion: deltoid tuberosity on the lateral side of
the humerus
 Actions
 Anterior – Flexion, medial rotation and abduction
 Middle – Abduction
 Posterior – Extension, lateral rotation and abduction
?
 Origin: Transverse processes of the first
4 cervical vertebrae.
 Insertion: Superior angle and medial
border of the scapula.
 Action: Elevation