* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Pests and Diseases
Survey
Document related concepts
Plant stress measurement wikipedia , lookup
Plant reproduction wikipedia , lookup
Plant physiology wikipedia , lookup
Plant breeding wikipedia , lookup
Plant defense against herbivory wikipedia , lookup
Plant secondary metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Venus flytrap wikipedia , lookup
Plant ecology wikipedia , lookup
Plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Plant evolutionary developmental biology wikipedia , lookup
Glossary of plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Pest Management What is an insect? • Small animals that have three body regions and three pairs of legs equaling six legs • Body regions – head – thorax – abdomen Types of Insects • The five types of mouthparts are important in identifying and controlling insects. – – – – – Chewing Piercing Rasping Siphoning Sponging Chewing Insects • Insects tear, chew or grind food • Examples – grasshopper – beetle Piercing Insects • Punctures plant and sucks the sap Rasping insect • Rasps or breaks surface and sucks sap • Example – thrips Siphoning insects • Have a coiled tube they dip into liquid food such as nectar and draw it in • Example – butterfly Sponging Insects • Have two sponge-like structures that collect liquid food and move it into the food canal • Example – housefly Life Cycles • Complete metamorphosis has four stages – – – – egg larva-worms or caterpillars pupa adult-flies, beetles, etc. Life Cycles • Incomplete metamorphosis has three stages – egg – nymph – Adult • Insects must be killed when they are feeding or actively moving on the plant Life Cycles Plant Diseases Diseases • A disease is a plant disorder caused by an infectious pathogen or agent Diseases • There are 3 conditions necessary for diseases in plants – host plant – disease causing organism or pathogen must be present – favorable environment for disease organism to develop Bacteria • Single celled microorganisms • Examples of common bacteria diseases: – Leaf spot • Rings of different shades of brown, green or yellow spots on leaves. – Blight • cause plant to quickly turn brown or black as if they had been burned Fungi • Fungi cannot make their own food, they develop hyphae, structures that grow and absorb nutrients from the host plant. Many fungi are spread by spores. Examples of Common Fungi • Damping off causes young plants and seedling to rot off at the soil level. • Rust cause small spots on the leaves that resemble yellow, orange, brown or red rust mainly on the underside of leaves. Examples of Common Fungi • Powdery mildew grows on the upper and lower leaf surface as white or gray powdery substance. It is a common disease of houseplants. • Galls are round swellings or growths usually on tree branches or leaves. Fungi • Examples caused by bacteria or fungi are powdery mildew, blights, canker, rots, wilts and smut, canker, galls, leaf spot, mildew, rots and smut. Viruses • Viruses are pathogens with an extremely narrow host range – Examples of common viruses: • Tobacco mosaic virus which attacks tomatoes, peppers, poinsettias and tobacco. – Can be transfer from human hands of a smoker – Cause leave to have irregular mottled areas with patterns ranging from dark to light green and yellow to white Viruses • Examples caused by viruses, bacteria or fungi are wilts and blights.