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Locally – Renewably – Efficiently
Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020
A Summary
Publication 151
2012
Locally – Renewably – Efficiently
Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020
Summary
Copies300
Regional Council of North Karelia
Pielisjoen linna, Siltakatu 2
FI-80100 JOENSUU, FINLAND
Tel.
Fax.
+ 358 13 267 4700
+358 13 267 4730
[email protected]
www.pohjois-karjala.fi/english
Layout
Laura Jussila
Photos
Cover
Jouko Langen/Vastavalo
Stock.XCHNG
Stock.XCHNG
3, 8, 13, 14, 21, 24-27
Jouko Langen/Vastavalo
4
Tarmo Sotikov7, 19
Oona Lohilahti15
Rauno Jussila17
Hanne Lohilahti22-23
Printing
Kopijyvä Ltd, Jyväskylä 2012
The publication is also available on the Internet:
www.pohjois-karjala.fi/maakuntaliitto > Tietopalvelu > Julkaisut
ISBN 978-952-5717-82-2 (pbk.)
ISBN 978-952-5717-83-9 (PDF)
ISSN 1795-5610
Contents
1
The Climate and Energy Programme
of North Karelia 2020.............................................5
2
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
in North Karelia.......................................................6
3
Vision of an Oil-free Region....................................9
4
Energy Production and Consumption..................10
5
Transport...............................................................14
6
Community Structure and Land Use Planning.....16
7
Construction.........................................................18
8
Waste Management..............................................20
9
Forestry.................................................................22
10
Agriculture............................................................24
11
Adaptation to Climate Change NOW....................26
1
The Climate and Energy Programme
of North Karelia 2020
The Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia presents a plan of action for
the North Karelia region on climate change mitigation and adaptation. The Climate
and Energy Programme implements the climate targets set out in the European Union and Finland.
Visionsandtargetspresentedintheprogrammeaimfarbeyondthetargetyearof
2020. The programme was made in cooperation with all of the actors in the region
and it sets a common vision of the desired future. The Regional Council of North Karelia acted as the programme coordinator.
The strengths of North Karelia are its rich natural resources and diverse expertise in
thebioenergyandforestryresearchsectors.Intermsofenergyself-sufficiencyand
the share of renewable energy, North Karelia already exceeds the EU and national
climate targets. Climate change and the challenges it poses are seen as a possibility
for the North Karelia region to develop innovations and new business opportunities.
The programme focuses on the sectors of energy production and consumption, transport, community structure and land use planning, construction, waste management,
agriculture and forestry.
Climate targets for Finland after the Kyoto Protocol
The European Union climate targets and the Finnish national targets by 2020:
• Greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by at least 20% from the 1990 level
and by 30% if other industrialised countries adopt similar targets.
• The non-ETS sector emissions in Finland will be reduced by 16% from the
2005 level.
• The share of renewable energy in the EU will reach 20% and 38% in Finland.
• Energyefficiencywillbeincreasedonaverageby20%comparedwiththebase
line.
• The share of renewable energy in transport will be increased to 10%.
Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020
Summary
5
2
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
in North Karelia
Greenhouse gas emissions in North Karelia from the energy, transport, agriculture and waste sectors amounted to 1.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
(CO2-eq.) in 2007.
Emissions per sector are presented in the diagram below.
Waste management
4%
Agriculture
15 %
Energy production
and consumption
45 %
Transport
36 %
Picture 1.
Greenhouse gas emissions per sector in North Karelia 2007.
Emissions from the energy and transport sectors correspond to more than 80% of
the total greenhouse gas emissions in North Karelia. Decisions made in these sectors are crucial to achieving emission reductions in the region. The future availability and price of wood and plant-based fuels and the status of peat in electricity and
heat production will determine the level of greenhouse gas emissions in the region
in the future.
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Locally – Renewably – Efficiently
The strength of the regional economy can be supported by decentralised energy
production based on renewable energy sources. This also assures the energy supply. Above all, locally produced energy is not so strongly tied to business cycles.
Greenhouse gas emissions in North Karelia
(tonnes of CO2-eq.)
Greenhouse gas
emissions in Finland
(tonnes of CO2-eq.)
North Karelia’s
share of total
emissions in Finland
Energy production
and consumption
710 000
48 900 000
1,5
Transport
558 000
14 700 000
3,8
Agriculture
238 600
5 500 000
4,3
56 000
2 400 000
2,3
1 562 600
78 300 000
2,0
Waste management
Total
Other key climate and energy figures in North Karelia
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Forests and forestland in North Karelia absorb a total of 3 million tonnes of
CO2-eq.
About 84% of the total land area of the region is covered in forest, of which onethird is swamp.
Total emissions decreased by almost 7% between 1990 and 2007.
Greenhouse gas emissions in North Karelia totalled 9.4 tonnes of CO2-eq. per
personin2007.ThecorrespondingfigureforFinlandwas14.8tonnes.
The share of renewable energy from the total energy use of the region is about
63%, of which the share of wood energy is 82%.
Employment in the renewable energy cluster was about 1,100 persons (fulltime equivalent) in 2008 and turnover was about 120 million euros. The growth
in both employment and turnover was about 30% from 2004.
Research, development and educational institutions invest about 5 million
euros per year in renewable energy.
In 2011 there was roughly 30 regional, national or international ongoing renewable energy-related projects in the region.
Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020
Summary
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Locally – Renewably – Efficiently
3
Vision of an Oil-free Region
The starting point of the climate and energy programme of North Karelia is to strengthen the existing resources in the area and to make full use of the potential the region has to offer.
An oil-free North Karelia
• Isacarbonneutralandoverself-sufficientregioninrenewableenergyproduction where fossil oil is not used in energy production.
• Takes advantage and develops the possibilities of bioeconomy and is an international actor in the climate and energy sector.
• Is known for sustainable development solutions that enhance the well-being of
people and the environment where municipalities, communities, companies and
residents are aware of the climate change and mitigation actions and who are
conscious of their responsibilities and possibilities in terms of climate issues.
How does the vision become reality?
• Theshareofrenewableenergyisincreasedanddiversifiedandenergyefficiency is enhanced.
• In North Karelia, greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by more than the
EU’s target of 20% by 2020.
• Cooperation between private and public sector organisations is increased and
climate change is taken into account in all planning and decision-making.
• Export activities for technology and services are strengthened.
• Municipalities are aware of the current state of their greenhouse gas emissions
and the major emission sources, and have determined their own climate targets
and measures accordingly.
• The use of natural resources in North Karelia is sustainable and the biodiversity
values of forests and agricultural environments are taken into account.
The implementation of the climate and energy programme requires long-term and
resolute cooperation. In addition to the Regional Council, national and local authorities, education and research organisations, regional development companies and
businesses will implement the climate and energy programme, each within their
own jurisdiction.
Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020
Summary
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4
Energy Production and Consumption
Energy consumption in North Karelia (including heating, electricity and transport)
has been a little over 10 TWh in recent years. The share of renewable energy of the
total consumption is high, about 63%. About 75% of thermal energy and electricity
is produced by renewable energy sources. The renewable energy sources in use in
North Karelia are bioenergy (84%), hydropower (15%) and others (1%). Bioenergy
consists almost entirely of wood energy, industrial by-products and forest energy.
Oil is, in practice, the only fossil fuel in use in the region. The use of peat has been
around 700 GWh or 8% in recent years.
Fossil fuels (transport)
16,7 %
Heating fossi oil 7,4%
Wood energy 49,2 %
(Black liquor 48%
Other industrial by-products 26%
Wood chips 11%
Firewood 14%
Pellets 1%)
Import of electricity
8,9 %
Peat
6,9 %
Waste
0,1 %
Heat pumps
1,3 %
Picture 2.
Hydropower
9,3 %
Other bioenergy
0,3 %
End use of energy in 2008.
In the near future, the increase of production, consumption and export of renewable
energy,enhancingenergyefficiencyandconsumeradviceonenergywillbehighlighted in North Karelia.
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Locally – Renewably – Efficiently
Table 1.
The current state of energy production and consumption in
North Karelia, and the target for 2020.
North Karelia
CURRENT STATE (GWh)
Energy content (GWh)
Production
2008
Consumption
2008
TARGET (GWh)
Production
2020
Consumption
2020
Black liquor
2400
2400
2500
2500
Other industrial by-products
1300
1300
1500
1500
Wood chips
550
550
1500
1500
500
200
Refined biofuels
Firewood
700
700
800
720
Pellets
280
50
700
150
Agro-biomasses
17
17
50
50
Biogas
14
14
100
100
Waste
10
10
150
150
Hydropower
940
940
1000
1000
Wind power
Solar power
Heat pumps
130
150
150
<1
20
20
130
400
400
10
10
Geothermal power
Peat
700
700
Oil (transport)
1700
Oil (heating)
750
Import of electricity (renewable)
270
Import of electricity
(non-renewable)
630
Total GWh
7041
10161
400
300
1400
9830
10200
Share of renewables (%)
62,7
80,8
Self-sufficiency %
(production/consumption)
69,7
86,2
Energy Sector Targets for 2020
Energy Efficiency and Energy Advice
• Giving energy advice is an integral part of the operations in different organisations.
• All the municipalities and 50 companies in North Karelia have signed the energy
efficiencyagreement.
• Theenergyefficiencyofexistingbuildingsisenhanced.
• Companiestakeadvantageofthepossibilitiesofenergyefficiencyandsaving
in their business.
Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020
Summary
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Energy production
• Total energy consumption remains at the 10 TWh level.
• The share of renewable energy of the total energy consumption is over 80%.
• Electricity is produced by renewable energy sources over and above the
region’s own needs.
• NorthKareliaisself-sufficientinheatingandtheheatingpowerisproduced
almost entirely by renewable energy sources.
• The share of renewable energy from the total energy consumption in transport
is at least 25%.
• The production of wood energy is increased by about 2300 GWh and production of energy from other renewable sources by about 600 GWh.
• Decentralisedenergyproductionimprovesself-sufficiencyandcreatesbusiness opportunities.
Know-how and business
• The turnover of the renewable energy cluster is 500 million euros and the
cluster employs 5,000 persons (full-time equivalent).
• Highly networked, world-class research and education are the basis for new
business opportunities.
• North Karelian companies in the renewable energy sector operate internationally
andthesignificanceofrelatedmachineryandequipmentmanufacturingisparticularly strong.
• The forest and other renewable energy cluster draws young people to the
industry: the industry offers possibilities and is attractive.
Measures for the Energy Sector
Energy Efficiency and Energy Advice
• Campaignstopromotethesigningofenergyefficiencyagreementsareorganised.
• Aprogrammeforenergy-efficientrenovationislaunched.
• Energy advice services for consumers, builders and housing cooperatives are
organised.
• The use of surplus heat from industry is enhanced.
Energy production
• Heat and energy are produced in both large centralised energy production plants
and dozens of small-scale CHP plants (50 kWe – 2 MWe), and micro-scale (less
than 50 kWe) units.
• Theproductionofrefinedwoodchip-basedbiofuelscommences.
• A comprehensive and effective bioenergy terminal network is created in North
Karelia.
• Private households in North Karelia generate electricity.
• Control and guidance for small-scale combustion is offered (emission control
andefficiency).
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Locally – Renewably – Efficiently
Know-how and business
• Wood energy-related research is strengthened and the quality of wood energy is improved.
• METTI, The Forest Energy Research and Innovation Centre, is made into an internationally recognized expert on the whole forest energy chain.
• Image campaigns to highlight the possibilities in the renewable energy industry are executed.
• The Wenet network is developed and “one-stop service packages” are built and
sold to international markets.
Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020
Summary
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5
Transport
In North Karelia, the movement of people is mostly based on the use of a car. This is
because about a third of the population lives in sparsely populated areas. The emissions from transport account for almost 40% of the total emissions. Road transport
accounts for about 90% of all emissions from the transport sector.
Influencingtheamountofemissionsfromvehicles,andreducingthetransportdemand can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport. The age of the car stock,
vehicle technology, fuels in use and driving methods affect the emissions from road
transport. The development of community infrastructure and service network has an
impactontransportdemand.Themostimportantindirectmeanstoinfluenceboth
the length of the trips and the means of transport are the development of the community infrastructure and the placement of different functions. In a climate-friendly society, the focus has shifted from cars to other transport modes that emit less:
walking, cycling and public transport.
Cargo transport logistics can be improved by organising the transport of goods in a
new way. With the development of fuels, the transport of goods must also start using
low emission fuels when the availability and distribution networks improve.
Transport Sector Targets for 2020
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Light transportation and public transport are a functioning and attractive alternative to private cars.
Biogas and other locally-produced energy sources for transport are being
increasingly used.
Rail transport in the region is functioning and user-friendly.
Cargotransportlogisticsisefficientandtransferredtorailandwatertransport
routes where appropriate.
Telecommuting and car pools are popular; electronic means of communication
are used effectively.
Measures for the Transport Sector
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Integrated pedestrian and cycle paths are increased and improved, and their
maintenance is improved.
Bicycle parking spaces are increased and equipment in them and at public transportstops/stationsareimproved.
Transport system planning and land use planning are connected to each other.
Cooperation between the authorities in terms of public transport organisation
and planning is improved.
Tickets are made more attractive and services are actively communicated.
Locally – Renewably – Efficiently
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Demand responsive transport services are improved and their supply areas
are expanded.
It is ensured that public support for public transport is targeted at the needs of
medium-sized towns and rural areas.
The accessibility of shopping centres with functioning public transport and
pedestrian and cycle connections is ensured.
The introduction of alternative fuels is supported.
The distribution network is increased.
Biogas from waste treatment plants is utilised as transport fuel.
Municipalities and other public entities take alternative transport energy sources
into use as soon as possible.
Possibilitiesforusingbiogasinnon-electrifiedrailtransportisinvestigated.
Long-distance services and travel times are improved, in particular in the rail
connection between Joensuu and Helsinki.
A rail connection is developed on the Joensuu – Lieksa – Nurmes – Kontiomäki –
Oulu route.
The possibility of a rail connection between Joensuu and Kuopio is investigated.
ThepossibilityofrailtrafficforJoensuucommutertrafficisinvestigated.
Thesupplyofgoodsanddistributiontrafficintheperipheryareenhanced.
Cooperation in the sector is improved and the possibilities for cooperation
between actors is explored.
The utilisation of year-round waterway transportation for bioenergy, recycled
materials and aggregates is increased.
Broadband access in sparsely populated areas is improved.
The use of telecommuting is supported.
Carpooling is supported.
Videoconferencingtechnologyisutilisedintheworkplace.
Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020
Summary
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6
Community Structure and
Land Use Planning
Community structure planning and implementation decisions have an impact far into
the future, and the decisions made also have an effect on greenhouse gas emissions. Land use planning creates the preconditions for adapting to future changes.
The means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions create a community structure in
many respects that are appreciated by residents: good local services, functioning
public transport and energy solutions, good possibilities for cycling and walking and
recreation sites near residential areas.
In North Karelia, the need to make the community structure more cohesive applies
to the surrounding areas of Joensuu, which comprises a 10-20 km zone around the
city centre. In the Joensuu region, the challenges are preventing increased car dependency, increasing the integration of the community infrastructure, the status of
public transport and enhancing the services and lines offered by public transport.
In sparsely populated rural areas, the maintenance and preservation of services is
highlighted. In rural areas, the enhancement of service availability and environmental aspects can be realised by innovative methods such as online services, services via videophone access and joint services.
Community Structure and
Land Use Planning Targets for 2020
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The community structure is functioning and economical.
Cooperationbetweenmunicipalofficialsandmunicipalitiesisfunctioningand
frequent.
Villagesoutsidethegrowingurbanareasarevital.
Measures for Community Structure and
Land Use Planning
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The needs for transport and housing together with energy solutions are combined with strategic local master plans.
In new land use plans, housing, jobs and services are positioned rationally in
relation to each other.
New construction builders are directed to a joint thermal network that uses
renewable energy sources.
Municipalities actively acquire land for construction using all the statutory means
available, including the right of pre-emption, construction commencement
orders and land-policy based redemption.
Strategic activities in areas that already have local detailed plans are launched
by municipalities to make the areas more cohesive.
Thesupplyforlocaldetailplannedplotsisincreasedanddiversified.
Sufficientgreenspacesandrecreationalareasareensuredinplannedareas.
Locally – Renewably – Efficiently
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The permission policy of unplanned areas near growing urban areas is standardised and tightened.
Thecommunicationbetweenofficialsresponsibleforlanduseplanningand
transport system planning is made more frequent.
Cooperation between municipalities in land use planning is enhanced.
Regional mobility and service needs are taken into account in master planning.
Component master plans for villages are initiated and developed.
Local village services are strengthened.
Water and sewage pipe networks are developed in village centres.
The preservation and development of local services is made possible.
Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020
Summary
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Construction
Abuilding’ssize,heatingsystem,insulationandenergyefficiencyaffectthegreenhouse gas emissions of the building during its use. The choices made in the constructionphasecansignificantlyaffectthebuilding’sgreenhousegasemissionsthroughoutthelifeofthebuilding.Themostsignificantenvironmentalimpactsfromhousing
are caused by consumption of heat, water and electricity. In the future, the relative
proportion of manufacturing building materials, construction and demolition will increase in terms of greenhouse gas emissions because of the transition to more energyefficientstructuresduringconstruction.
Inclimate-friendlyconstructionandrenovation,theenergyefficiencyofabuildingis
ensured, the share of re-newable energy in the energy supply is increased, the usage
of renewable and low-energy building materials is promoted and passive solar energy
is exploited. Climate-friendly construction favours wood because wooden structures
are less energy intensive than, for example, steel and concrete. Carbon sequestrated to wood is also kept away from the atmosphere until the product burns or decays.
Low and zero-energy construction and renovation require new skills and management of the entire process from planners, contractors and people responsible for
property maintenance.
Construction Targets for 2020
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Buildingsaremoreenergyefficientandtheefficiencyofuseisgood.
North Karelia is the leading region in wood construction.
Renewable energy is used as the principal heating source in buildings.
Regional energy advice is active and professional.
Measures for Construction
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In construction and renovation, attention is paid to insulation, controlled ventilation, the recovery of heat, the utilization of passive solar energy and ventilation and other ecologically sustainable solutions.
Water circulation heating is preferred.
Newhousesarebuilttobeasenergyefficientaspossible.
Oldbuildingsareutilisedasefficientlyaspossible.
Thefacilitiesofthepublicsectorareusedmoreefficiently.
Training in wood construction is organised for construction professionals, and
local builders’ interest in wood construction is increased.
Building wooden apartment buildings is established as a normal practice in
construction.
In local detail plans the construction of wooden apartment buildings is made
possible.
Locally – Renewably – Efficiently
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Information is given on alternative heating solutions based on renewable
energy sources.
Theuseofrenewableenergyinhouse-specificenergysolutionsissupported.
Local building codes are reviewed to remove the barriers for the installation of
solar collectors, solar panels and wind turbines.
The awareness on the potential uses of passive solar energy is raised.
Centralised heating systems that use renewable energy are favoured in new
residential areas.
An energy advice project aimed at construction and renovation is carried out.
A model for construction and energy advice is established in the region.
Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020
Summary
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8
Waste Management
A waste plan has been prepared for the region of Eastern Finland and it describes
the targets for waste management in 2016. The goal is that the amount of waste
placedinlandfillisreducedsignificantly,andenergyfromcombustiblematerialthat
is not suitable for reuse as material can be recycled as energy. This energy can be
used to replace energy produced by fossil fuels. In addition, the majority of biowaste
and sludge is treated in biogas plants and, depending on the region, used in energyproductionandrefinedfortransportuse.
Preventing waste generation is one of the most important ways to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions from waste. Reducing consumption and using materials and energy
moreefficientlyintheproductionphasepreventthecreationofwaste.Clearinstructions for maintenance, manuals, different rental services together with maintenance
and repair services in city centres can also reduce waste generation.
Diminishingtheamountofbiodegradablewastegoingintolandfillandincreasing
thecaptureofmethaneproducedinthelandfillscanreducegreenhousegasemissions from waste management. Biowaste put into mixed waste reduces the possibilities for mixed waste utilisation, and methane (a biogas) that results from the degradationofbiowasteisaveryefficientgreenhousegas.Thesortingofbiodegradable
wastewhereitisproducedanditstreatmentinaseparateplantisanefficientway
of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from waste.
Waste Management Targets for 2020
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The targets of preventing waste generation, sorting waste and treating biowaste
and sludge that were set in the Eastern Finland waste plan have been realised.
The region has a functioning and active waste advice service.
Energyfromwasteisusedefficiently.
Measures for Waste Management
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Thepreventionofwastegenerationandmaterialefficiencyareintegratedinto
the procurement instructions of municipalities.
The obligation to sort biowaste is extended to the entire region.
Biodegradablewasteproducedintheregionisprimarilyrefinedintoenergyand
fertilizers, and secondarily composted by real estate owners.
Transport biogas is taken into use as soon as possible in waste transport.
Ways of treatment and uses for sewage sludge are developed and centralised.
The collection of sorted waste is realised in all schools.
Waste generation is prevented in procurement.
Bestpracticesforpreventingofficewastegenerationaretakenintouse.
Locally – Renewably – Efficiently
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Waste monitoring is developed within the framework of corporate environmental
programmes.
Up-to-date information on the prevention of waste generation and the increase
ofmaterialefficiencyisdevelopedandproducedtoconsumersandeducational institutions.
Cooperation with regional and national stakeholders is developed (e.g. the Martha organisation, educational institutions and waste management companies).
Waste management is integrated as a part of the teaching programmes of schools
and day care centres.
Environmental passport education is developed to be a part of adult education
Wastemanagementservicesarediversified;forexampleaserviceforemptying
composts is developed.
Information is offered to municipalities and companies on how to take waste
management issues into account in procurement.
The burning of waste unsuitable for recycling alongside other fuels is promoted.
Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020
Summary
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9
Forestry
In North Karelia, the annual growth of forests is much greater than the annual forest
removals. The overall growth has risen in the 21st century to 8.3 million cubic metres per year. Annual commercial loggings have varied from 4.2 to 5.4 million cubic
metres.Significantlylowerloggingscomparedtogrowthratesmakeitpossibleto
increase the use of forests in wood processing and energy production without compromising the sustainability of wood production. The maximum sustainable harvesting comprises about 7.8 million cubic metres per year.
Themostsignificantimpactsofclimatechangetoforestsaretheincreaseofgrowth,
the rising of tree line, changes in the tree species composition and the northward
movement of southern tree species. The most serious threats to the growth of forests
arecausedbyextremeweather.Droughts,forestfires,andtheincreaseofstormand
snow damage possibly also result in an increase in insect damage and fungal diseases. The changes in growth rhythm are believed to expose trees to frost damage.
The forests of North Karelia are a large carbon sink and the role of forests in the carbon balance of the region is important. Maintaining the current forest area is crucial
for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the region. Trees in North Karelia
sequester 57.4 million tonnes of carbon, equal to 211 million tonnes of carbon dioxide. Better forest management can increase the number of trees and the amount of
carbon sequestered in tree biomass. This can add to the carbon sink, as more carbon is sequestrated in trees and wood products.
Climate Change Mitigation Targets for Forestry for 2020
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Forests as carbon sinks – with good forest management the growth of forests,
wood stock and options for utilising wood are enhanced.
Forests as a source of energy – the share of renewable energy from total energy
production and use is growing rapidly, and export will increase.
The detrimental extreme events caused by climate change can be prepared for.
Locally – Renewably – Efficiently
Measures for Forestry
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The preservation of forest area is taken care of.
The growth of trees is increased by silvicultural measures both locally and
regionally.
Carbon is stored into wood products.
Fossil fuels are replaced by wood energy.
Biodiversity is maintained – diversity in trees and undergrowth improve the adaptability of forest ecosystems.
Forests are maintained in a way that they are in good condition for growth –
forests in good condition and with more than one tree species are resistant to
different risks.
Contingency plans are drafted to prepare for large-scale disasters (for example
measures to prevent the spread of destruction and harvesting needed).
Thinning and felling dates are adapted to the improvement of tree growth.
Actors in Forestry in North Karelia
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Forest industry companies
Metsähallitus
The Finnish Forestry Centre – North Karelia
The Forest Management Association of North Karelia
The European Forest Institute EFI
The Finnish Forest Research Institute – Eastern Unit
University of Eastern Finland, Department of Forests Sciences
TheFinnishEnvironmentInstitute–Joensuuoffice
Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute – Joensuu
North Karelia University of Applied Sciences – Centre for Natural Resources
NorthKareliaCollege–Valtimo
Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020
Summary
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10
Agriculture
Cattle-intensive animal husbandry is the most common farm production sector in
North Karelia. Horticulture, especially berry farming and vegetable production, has
long traditions. Due to the strong position of milk production in the region, the focus
offieldcultivationisingrasscultivation.In2009therewasabout86000hectaresof
arable land in North Karelia and the number of farms was around 2600. There were
approximately 300 organic farms in the region.
Greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture mainly come from the soil as a product of
cultivation and tillage, farm animals and their manure, energy consumption in machinery and heating and the use of fertilizers. The most important greenhouse gases from
agriculture are methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), both released from manure.
In the future, greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture can be expected to reduce
becauseofmoreefficientenvironmentprotectionmeasures.Agriculturalpolicycan
supportnewtechnologiesandfarmingmethodsandthediversificationofagriculture
and thus affect the greenhouse gas emissions of farming in the future.
Emission reduction measures in agriculture
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Capturing methane from manure storages and using it in energy production.
The immediate earthing over of manure.
Takingcareofarableland,theamountoforganicmatterinthefieldandtheright
proportion of nutrients.
Field strips and zones, cultivation of perennial crops, plant cover in the winter
and the use of secondary crops.
The guidance for the uses of organic land (peat and organic soils).
Locally – Renewably – Efficiently
Targets for Agriculture for 2020
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Farms and agricultural transport use less fossil fuel.
Thereisdecentralisedandself-sufficientenergyproductiononfarms.
North Karelia is a leading region in local food production and organic farming.
Farms produce less waste.
Theregionhasqualifiedagriculturaleducationandadviceservices.
Measures for Agriculture
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The logistics of farms is developed by reallotment and cooperation between
farms and common ownership of machinery is enhanced.
A regional model for energy farms is created.
The drawing up of cultivation plans is developed to take climate and environmental issues into consideration.
Thefinancingoptionsofenergyplansforfarmsandbiogasplantsareutilised.
The use of renewable energy sources is increased.
Local and organic food use is increased and developed.
The production and processing of local and organic food is increased and
developed by developing the networking, collaboration, logistics and wholesale
activities of small businesses.
Farm waste recycling and reuse possibilities are enhanced.
The collection of agricultural plastics is organised in urban areas.
Developing advice services and raising the skills of agricultural advisors.
Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020
Summary
25
11
Adaptation to Climate Change NOW
Adapting to climate change requires changes in society as a whole. Individuals,
communities and companies are involved in adaptation activities. At the same time,
society has to change its structures to support the necessary changes.
Finnish people’s concerns about climate change are shared but it does not necessarily lead to concrete actions to mitigate against climate change. Decision-makers
have to commit to common goals and create an atmosphere that supports and encourages the stakeholders to develop positive climate attitudes and actions for the
climate. All levels of decision-making should support climate-friendly actions. The
key criterion is that in the long term the measures are also economically wise and
will help to maintain and strengthen the vitality of the region.
Upbringingandeducationplayanimportantroleandaresignificant,whentheaim
is to raise awareness of climate change, climate change mitigation and adaptation
to climate change among all citizens.
Climate change gives a new emphasis to the sustainable use of natural resources
and the management of the use of resources. The danger is that climate change will
adverselyaffectthemanyecological,economicandsocialbenefitsthatbiodiversity
provides to humanity. The protection of biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems is an integral part of climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate change.
26
Locally – Renewably – Efficiently
Publication of Regional Council of North Karelia
1993
1
2
3
Toimintasuunnitelma ja talousarvio 1.6.–31.12.1993
Kuntayhtymäsuunnitelma vuosiksi 1994–1998,
toimintasuunnitelma ja talousarvio vuodeksi 1994
Joensuun seudun seutukaava
1994
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Toimintakertomus 1.6.–31.12.1993
Selvitys Tanskan maaseutualueille kohdistetuista
EY:n rakennerahastojen tuista
Kuntayhtymäsuunnitelma 1995–1999,
toimintasuunnitelma ja talousarvio 1995
Pohjois-Karjalan kehittämisohjelma vuosille
1995–1999
Pohjois-Karjalan maaseutuohjelma vuosille
1995–1999
Pohjois-Karjalan saaristo-ohjelma
Pohjois-Karjalan jätehuollon alueellinen yhteistyö
sekä uudet käsittelymenetelmät
Pohjois-Karjalan EU-ohjelma vuosille 1995–1999
- 2. korjattu painos 1995
- 3. osittain korjattu painos 1996
Joensuun seudun kansainvälinen asema ja sen
vaikutus seudun kehittämisstrategiaan
1995
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Kylät ja kunnat kehittäjinä Itävallassa
- esimerkkinä syrjäinen Waldviertel
Maakunnan kehittämisrahan seurantaraportti
vuodelta 994
Raja-alueen kehittämisohjelma: Itä-Suomi ja
Karjalan tasavalta
Asumisen tulevaisuus ja yhteistyö Joensuun seudulla
Toimintakertomus 1994
Pohjois-Karjalan kehittämisohjelma vuosille
1996–2000
Kuntayhtymäsuunnitelma 1996–2000,
toimintasuunnitelma ja talousarvio 1996
25
26
27
1997
28
Pohjois-Karjalan maakunnallinen tietostrategia,
oppiva maakunta – luova periferia
29 Maakunnan kehittämisrahan seurantaraportti
vuodelta 1996
30 Maakunnan kehittämisraha ja EU-raha PohjoisKarjalassa vuosina 1995–1996
31 Toimintakertomus 1996
32 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 1998–2000 sekä
tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 1998
1998
33
POKAT 2006: Pohjois-Karjalan maakunnan
kehittämisen puitteet vuoteen 2006
34 Maakunnan kehittämisrahan seurantaraportti
vuodelta 1997
35 POKAT 2006: Pohjois-Karjala uudelle vuosituhannelle
36 Toimintakertomus 1997 ja tilinpäätös 31.12.1997
37 Euroopan metsämaakunta 2010
- Pohjois-Karjalan metsästrategia vuosiksi
1998–2010
38 Kauneimmat Karjalasta – Karjalasta parhaimmat
- Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntatapahtuma Helsingissä
13.–15.6.1997, loppuraportti
39 Pohjois-Karjalan yritys- ja toimipaikkaselvitys vuosilta
1990–1997
40 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 1999–2001 sekä
tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 1999
1999
41
1996
20
21
22
23
24
Pohjois-Karjalan kansainvälistymisstrategia
Maakunnan kehittämisrahan seurantaraportti
vuodelta 1995
Toimintakertomus vuodelta 1995
Asunto-ohjelmointi Joensuun seudun kuntayhteistyössä
Pohjois-Karjalan matkailustrategia 1996–2000
Pohjois-Karjalan matkailufakta 1994
Pohjois-Karjalan maankäytön ja aluerakenteen
periaatteet
Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 1997–1999 sekä
tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 1997
Talkoilla tietoyhteiskuntaan
- Pohjois-Karjalan tietoyhteiskuntastrategia ja
toimenpideohjelma 1999–2006
42 By Joint Work Party to the Information Society
43 Hyvinvointiklusteri Pohjois-Karjalassa
- realismia vai idealismia
44 Maakunnan kehittämisrahan seurantaraportti
vuodelta 1998
45 Toimintakertomus 1998
46 Pohjois-Karjala – Osaamisen maakunta
- Maakunnan koulutusta koskevia kehittämislinjauksia
1 (4)
2000
74
47
75
76
48
49
50
51
52
53
Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2000–2002 sekä
tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2000
Maakunnan kehittämisrahan seurantaraportti
vuodelta 1999
Tilinpäätös 31.12.1999
Katsaus Pohjois-Karjalan toimialarakenteeseen
vuosina 1990–1997
Suurpedot Pohjois-Karjalassa
- Pohjoiskarjalaisten luonnonkäyttäjien kokemuksia
suurpedoista
Large terrestrial carnivores in North Karelia
Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2000–2003 sekä
tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2001
Pohjois-Karjalan elintarvikeklusterin kehittämisstrategia 2000–2006
2001
54 Ihmisen mittainen Pohjois-Karjala
- Metkujen maaseutupolitiikka
55 Tilinpäätös 31.12.2000
56 Palvelujen haun suuntautuminen Pohjois-Karjalassa
vuonna 2000
57 Pohjois-Karjalan aluerakenteen vaihtoehtoja
- Keskusteluasiakirja
58 Pohjois-Karjalan aluerakenteen vaihtoehtoja
- Tiivistelmä
59 Urban regions in KASPNET area
- Urban structures
60 Pohjois-Karjalan palvelurakenneselvitys
61 KASPNET – Summary of Urban Structures
62 Teknologian kehittämisen haasteet ja mahdollisuudet
Pohjois-Karjalassa
63 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2002–2004 sekä
tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2002
2002
64
65
66
67
68
69
Pohjois-Karjalan maakunnan TASKUTIETO 2002–
Pohjois-Karjalan liikennejärjestelmäsuunnitelma
Toimintakertomus 2001
Hyvinvointi Pohjois-Karjalassa 2006
Pohjois-Karjalan yritys- ja toimipaikkaselvitys
Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2003–2005 sekä
tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2003
77
78
2004
79
Nopeat tietoliikenneyhteydet kylille ja haja-asutusalueille
80 Pohjois-Karjalan kehittämisrahasto 10 vuotta
- 1994–2003
81 Toimintakertomus 2003
82 Pohjois-Karjalan muovi- ja metalliteollisuuden
kehittämisstrategia
83 Pohjois-Karjalan kulttuuriympäristöt
84 Pohjois-Karjalan Eurooppa-strategia
85 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2005–2007 sekä
tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2005
86 Joensuun ydinkaupunkiseudun palvelu- ja
rakenneselvitys
87 Rantojen käytön periaatteet Pohjois-Karjalassa
2005
88
89
90
91
Innovatiiviset toimet Itä-Suomessa
Elävänä Pohjois-Karjalassa 2025
Toimintakertomus 2004
Näkökulmia Pohjois-Karjalan tietoyhteiskuntakehitykseen
92 Tilaa tulevaisuuden tekijöille
- Pohjois-Karjalan nuorisostrategia
93 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2006–2008 sekä
tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2006
94 Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntasuunnitelma 2025
95 Pohjois-Karjalan työllisyysstrategia 2005–2010
96 Maakunta liikkumaan – Pohjois-Karjalan liikunta- ja
urheilustrategia
2006
97
2003
70
71
72
73
Toimintakertomus 2002
Kulttuurista lisää voimaa ja työtä!
- Pohjois-Karjalan kulttuuristrategia 2003–2006
Maakuntaohjelma POKAT 2006
- Pohjois-Karjala hyvästä paremmaksi
Pohjois-Karjalan matkailun nousu vuoteen 2006
- Pohjois-Karjalan matkailustrategian päivitys
Pohjois-Karjalan aluerakenteen ja maankäytön
tavoitteet ja aluerakenne 2020
Pohjois-Karjalan virkistys- ja luontopalvelut
Raitis Elämä -projekti 2000–2003
- Loppuraportti
Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2004–2006 sekä
tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2004
Pohjois-Karjalan Hyvinvointiohjelman toimeenpanosuunnitelma
98
99
100
101
2 (4)
Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntakaava, maakuntavaltuusto
21.11.2005
- Tiivistelmä
Toimintakertomus 2005
POKAT 2010
- Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntaohjelma 2007–2010
Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2007–2009 sekä
tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2007
POKAT 2010 – Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntaohjelma
2007–2010
- Ympäristöselostus
2007
2010
102 Pohjoiskarjalaisen koulutusyhteistyön uusi malli
- Hankkeen loppuraportti
103 Niiralan raja-aseman liikenneselvitys 2007
104 Toimintakertomus 2006
105 Pohjois-Karjalan bioenergiaohjelma 2015
106 Yhteistä Hyvää – Pohjois-Karjalan hyvinvointialan
järjestöstrategia 2015
107 Pohjoiskarjalainen hyvinvointi – Pohjois-Karjalan
hyvinvointiraportti 2007
108 Pohjois-Karjalan matkailustrategia 2007–2013
109 Ruoasta Elämys – Pohjois-Karjalan elintarvikealan
kehittämisohjelma 2007–2010
110 Kulttuuri Pohjois-Karjalan aluekehityksessä
– Strategiset valinnat 2007–2013
111 Kohti kilpailukykyistä ja osaavaa Itä-Suomea
Aluerakenteenkehityksensuuntaviivoja/
Tiivistelmä
Towards a Competitive and Competent Eastern
FinlandRegionalstructuredevelopmenttrends/
Summary
112 Kohti kilpailukykyistä ja osaavaa Itä-Suomea
Aluerakenteen kehityksen suuntaviivoja
113 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2008–2010 sekä
tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2008
126 Kaivannaistoiminta Pohjois-Karjalan aluekehityksessä – Strategiset valinnat 2010–2014
127 Pohjois-Karjalan strategia 2030
- Maakuntasuunnitelma
128 POKAT 2014 – Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntaohjelma
2011–2014
129 POKAT 2014 – Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntaohjelma
2011–2014
- Ympäristöselostus
130 Pohjois-Karjalan hyvinvointiohjelma 2015
- Toteuttamissuunnitelma 2010–2011
131 Pohjois-Karjalan teknologiateollisuuden kehittämisohjelma 2015 – Uusiutuva teknologiateollisuus
132 Pohjois-Karjalan liikennejärjestelmäsuunnitelma
133 Tilinpäätös 2009
134 Rural Transport Solutions in Northern Periphery
135 Pysäkiltä vai kotoa – Joukkoliikenteen nykytila ja
tulevaisuuden suunta Pohjois-Karjalassa
136 Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntakaavan täydennys
(2.vaihe)
137 Siitä on lähdettävä, että tähän on tultu –
Hyvinvointialan monitoimijaisten yhteistyökäytäntöjen
selvitystyö Joensuun seudun kunnissa liittyen
sosiaalipalvelujen tuottamiseen
138 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2011–2013 sekä
tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2011
2008
114 Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntakaava (1. vaihekaava)
Osa A: Kaavaselostus
Osa B: Ehdotusvaiheen palaute
Osa C: Liitekartat
115 Toimintakertomus 2007
116 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2009–2011 sekä
tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2009
117 Kehittämisprojektista palveluksi – Itä-Suomen
Innovatiiviset toimet -ohjelman arviointi
118 The Path from Development Project to Service –
Evaluation of the Innovative Actions in Eastern
Finland Programme
Summary
Kehittämisprojektista palveluksi – Itä-Suomen
Innovatiiviset toimet -ohjelman arviointi
Tiivistelmä
2009
119 Pohjois-Karjalan yritysselvitys 2008
120 Toimintakertomus 2008
121 Pohjois-Karjalan hyvinvointiohjelma 2015
- Strategiaosa
122 Pohjois-Karjalan kuntien ja kuntayhtymien sosiaali- ja
terveyssektorin työvoimatarpeiden ennakointiraportti
2010–2030
123 Pohjois-Karjalan terveydenhuolto- ja sosiaalipalveluyritysten tunnuslukuja 2000-luvulta
124 Ilmastonmuutos Pohjois-Karjalan mahdollisuutena
125 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2010–2012 sekä
tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2010
2011
139 Pietarin ja Helsingin välinen nopea ratayhteys –
Liikenteelliset ja aluetaloudelliset vaikutukset
Karjalan kehityskäytävällä
140 Pohjois-Karjalan liikennejärjestelmäsuunnitelma,
Ilomantsi
141 Pohjois-Karjalan liikennejärjestelmäsuunnitelma,
Pielisen Karjala
142 Pohjois-Karjalan koulutus- ja sivistysstrategia 2014,
Osa 1: Strategiaosa
Osa 2: Liitteet
143 ”Tankit täyteen” Pohjois-Karjalan elintarvikeohjelma
2014
144 Tilinpäätös 2010
145 Paikallisesti–Uusiutuvasti–Vietäväntehokkaasti Pohjois-Karjalan ilmasto- ja energiaohjelma 2020
146 Pohjois-Karjalan kv-toimintaohjelma
147 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2012–2014 ja
talousarvio 2012
148 Itä-Suomi uusiutuu – Itä-Suomen bioenergiaohjelma
2020
149 Pielisen Karjalan joukkoliikenteen palvelutaso
2012
150 Pohjois-Karjalan hyvinvointiohjelma 2015
- Toteuttamissuunnitelma 2012–2013
3 (4)
151 Paikallisesti–Uusiutuvasti–Vietäväntehokkaasti Pohjois-Karjalan ilmasto- ja energiaohjelma 2020
Tiivistelmä
Locally–Renewably–Efficiently
Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020
A Summary
4 (4)
ISBN 978-952-5717-83-9
ISSN 1795-5610
www.pohjois-karjala.fi