Download Plant Morphology Review

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Plant Morphology Review Plant Morphology Review
ROOTS, STEMS, SHOOTS
Name the major plant organs.
What are the continuously actively dividing cell regions of a plant called and where are they located?
What is meant by plant habitat and what are the types of plant habitat?
What is meant by plant habit and what are the types of plant habit?
What is the function of roots?
What is a shoot?
What is a bud, where do buds typically develop, and what do they develop into?
Define node, internode.
What is stem habit and what are some types of stem habits?
What is the difference between monopodial and sympodial? To what character do these belong?
LEAVES
What is the difference between a bract and a scale?
From what is a phyllode derived?
Name three modifications of leaves found in carnivorous plants.
FLOWERS
Draw a typical flower and label all the parts, including collective terms.
Name the two basic types of flower sex.
Name the three basic types of plant sex. What is the corresponding type of flower sex for each?
What is the difference between protandrous and protogynous?
What are the two major types of perianth arrangement?
What is perianth cycly?
What is the difference between dichlamydeous and homochlamydeous?
What is a nectary and what are some types of nectaries?
What is the difference between a gynoecium, carpel, and pistil?
What are the 3 parts of a pistil? What is a locule?
How is carpel number determined?
Name the stalks/axes: pedicel, peduncle, petiole, petiolule, rachis, rachilla.
INFLORESCENCES
Name two types of inflorescence position.
What is the difference between determinate and indeterminate inflorescence development?
What is a dichasium?
How does a monochasium differ and what are two major types?
FRUITS & SEEDS
What are the differences between a simple, aggregate, and multiple fruit?
What is the difference between endospermous and exalbuminous?
GENERAL TERMS
What is the difference between cycly and merosity? Give an example of each.
What is the difference between coriaceous and indurate? between scarious and succulent? What is the character
for these?
What is the difference between connate and distinct? between adnate & free? between adherent & coherent?
What is the character for these?
What is the difference between position. arrangement. and orientation?
What is the difference between transverse posture and longitudinal posture?
Surface refers to 3 features: configuration, epidermal excrescence, and vestiture. How do they differ?
What is the difference between glabrous, glaucous, and viscid?
What is the difference between annual, biennial, and perennial? For what character are these character states?
What is the difference between caducous and accrescent? For what character are these character states?
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Plant Morphology Review Stem Habit
Root Type
parasite
fibrous
prop
taproot
haustorial
Stem/Shoot Types
cactus
spines
l.s.
l.s.
flower(s)
bract
leaf
(reduced)
Branching Pattern
Bud Types / Parts
Twig Parts
abortive apical
meristem
petiole
base
lateral branch
abortive
terminal meristem
lateral
bud
lateral
branch
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Plant Morphology Review Leaf Structural Type
Leaf Parts / Leaf Types
petiolule
Leaf Attachment
petiole
node
sheath
adnation
Leaf Venation
petiole
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Plant Morphology Review Shape: Plane
Shape: 3-D
Apex Shape
Base Shape
petiole
Plant Morphology Review Margin
Posture: Transverse
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Position
Division
Position
Posture: Longitudinal
c.s.
Leaf Arrangement
Leaf Position
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Plant Morphology Review Apical Process
Configuration
Orientation
15º
30º
45º
30º
45º
45º
Epidermal Excrescence
15º
30º
45º
15º
15º
30º
Vestiture
Bristle Types
Trichome Types
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Plant Morphology Review Perianth Types
Calyx Fusion (top line)
Corolla Fusion (bottom line)
Symmetry
Aestivation
Cycly
c.s.
c.s.
c.s.
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Plant Morphology Review Stamen Types / Parts
Stamen Arrangement
Androecial / Stamen Fusion
Androecial / Stamen Fusion
Stamen Insertion
Stamen Cycly
Anther Dehiscence Types
Stamen Position
Anther Attachment
Anther Dehiscence
Direction
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Plant Morphology Review Gynoecial Fusion
septum
c.s.
c.s.
c.s.
stipe
l.s.
c.s.
Carpel Number
Ovary Position
Perianth-Androecial Position
Placentation
c.s.
c.s.
c.s.
Style Position
c.s.
c.s.
l.s.
l.s.
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Plant Morphology Review Inflorescence Types
peduncle
1o bracts
(involucre)
2o bracts
(involucel)
palea lemma
florets
glumes
spathe
female flower
male flowers
bract
flowers
l.s.
c.s.
thick,
fleshy axis
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Plant Morphology Review Fruit Types
fleshy
hard
mesocarp endocarp
replum
l.s.
l.s.
seed
1. ___________
l.s.
2. ___________ 3. ___________ 4. ___________ 5. ___________
hard, thick
pericarp
c.s.
l.s.
l.s.
l.s.
6. __________ 7. ________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. ________ 11. _______
pericarp
seed
seed
calyx
unit
drupe
12. ___________
mericarps
l.s.
l.s.
13. ___________
perianth/androecium scar
fleshy
mesocarp
14. ___________
15. ___________
scales
unit
fruits
c.s.
leathery
exocarp
carpophore
16. ___________
compound
receptacle
17. ___________ 18. __________ 19. ________ 20. _________
22. __________
23. ___________
24. ___________
seed coat
27. _________
coleoptile
25. __________
hypocotyl
28. _________
29. __________
hypocotyl
26. _________
coleorhiza
21. ___________
seed coat
l.s.
Seed Parts
l.s.