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Chapter 1. Introduction
in Creating Brain-Like Intelligence, Sendhoff et al.
Course: Robots Learning from Humans
Jo, HwiYeol
Biointelligence Laboratory
School of Computer Science and Engineering
Seoul National University
http://bi.snu.ac.kr
Contents

The World Inside the Brain
–The Brain Inside the World

The Evolved Brain

The Benchmarked Brain

Summary and Conclusion
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The World Inside the Brain
The Brain Inside the World

Cognitive architectures

Brain inside the world
 Adaptive control and planning
system
 an autonomously behaving system

Vijayakumar et al. “Planning and moving in
dynamic environments : a statistical machine learning
approach”


Goerick “Toward cognitive robotics”
PISA (Practical Intelligence
Systems Architecture)
ex> ASIMO
https://youtu.be/JlRPICfnmhw
© 2015, SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab., http://bi.snu.ac.kr
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The World Inside the Brain
The Brain Inside the World

Cognitive architectures

World inside the brain
 Focus on the conceptual role of control process
Eggert and Wersing “Approaches and challenges for cognitive vision system”
Ex> Image segmentation, multicue tracking, object online
learning
 Sloman : study the features of the environment


Else
 Tsujino et al. “Basal ganglia models for autonomous behavior
learning”


The system-level model : reinforcement learning framework
The neuron-level model : employs a spiking NN
© 2015, SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab., http://bi.snu.ac.kr
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Evolved Brain


Selected intelligence -> Evolve
Evolvability heavily constraints …



The process is brittle to any evolutionary change
The genetic representation : structural and temporal
A lot of advantages


To the optimization of complex structures
ex> https://youtu.be/VUddPhXdBnY
The field of evolutionary robots demonstrates this
© 2015, SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab., http://bi.snu.ac.kr
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Evolved Brain

Examples

Elfing et al. “Co-evolution of rewards and
meta-parameters in embodied evolution”
Cyber rodent project
 Successful self-preservation,
self-reproduction
Suzuki et al. “Active vision for goal

oriented humanoid robot walking”
Co-evolve active vision and
feature selection in a neural
architecture
 Without explicit fitness
assignment

© 2015, SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab., http://bi.snu.ac.kr
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The Benchmarked Brain

Benchmark
As Science
As Technology
Neurophysiological or
Psychological
Experimental Data
Accomplishes its
intended
requirements
cognitive adequacy
Requirements +
competition
Ex> reaction times, error
rates, perception
measures
Ex> ImageNet, Robocup,
Darpa Urban Challenge
© 2015, SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab., http://bi.snu.ac.kr
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The Benchmarked Brain

Solution…?

In our opinion, the truth will be somewhere
between the scientific and the technological
standpoint

Function = Technology + Experimental Observation
© 2015, SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab., http://bi.snu.ac.kr
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Summary and Conclusion

The overall picture remains fuzzy


a fuzzy target using brittle approaches
The right direction


More open, more flexible, more adaptive
Build systems to operate
 (X) Just in the environment
 (O) With the environment
 (O) Because of the environment
© 2015, SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab., http://bi.snu.ac.kr
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Summary and Conclusion

The gap



Neuroscience is too much focused on the details
Research in brain-like are in the grasp of technology
Research in intelligent systems has proceeded by
incorporating more and more biological principles



Cognitive Architecture
Cognitive Vision
Etc..
© 2015, SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab., http://bi.snu.ac.kr
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Summary and Conclusion

Why the brain-like intelligence?

Turing “Computing machinery and intelligence”
“We can only see a short distance ahead,
but we can see plenty there that needs to be done”
© 2015, SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab., http://bi.snu.ac.kr
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Discussion Topic

The World Inside the Brain – The Brain Inside the
World ?

How can we bench marked the brain ?

Difference between cells in an organic system and
gates in a silicon system ?

Is Human-like Intelligence really needed ?
© 2015, SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab., http://bi.snu.ac.kr
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