Download C. Skeletal muscles

BIO102 Unit 7
Muscular System
Study Guide
I.
Muscle Tissue
A. Muscle fibers & actin and myosin
B. muscle contraction
II. Types of Muscles
A. Smooth muscles
B. Cardiac muscles
C. Skeletal muscles
II.
Functions of Muscles
A. Movement of substances
B. Support of the body
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C. Makes bones move
D. Body temperature
E. Protection
IV. Skeletal
Muscles Work in Pairs
A. fascia
B. origin/insertion
1. origin
2. insertion
C. Prime movers
D. synergists
E. antagonistic pairs
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V. Skeletal muscles are named according to:
A. direction of fibers
B. location
C. size
D. shape
E. action
F. number of origins
VI.
Specific Skeletal Muscles: Location & Function
A. Deltoid
B. biceps brachii
C. pectoralis major
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D. orbicularis occuli
E. orbicularis oris
F. frontalis
G. zygomaticus
H. triangularis
I. triceps brachii
J. quadriceps
K. hamstrings
L. gluteus maximus
M. rectus abdominus
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N. external obliques
O. masseter
P. flexor carpi group
Q. extensor digitorum
VII. Mechanism of muscle fiber contraction
A. Overview of muscle contraction
B. sarcolemma
C. sarcoplasmic reticulum
1. myofibrils
VIII. Contraction of a muscle
A. Nerve Impulses
B. motor neuron & neuromuscular junction
C. T system of a muscle fiber
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D. Calcium is released
E. myofrilbrils & sarcomeres
1. myofrils (description)
2. sarcomere & Z lines
3. . myosin & actin
IX. Sliding Filaments
A. impulses travel through T tubules
B. When the sarcomere shortens
C. sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
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D. During the sliding process
E. Muscle innervation
1. motor neuron axon bulb
2. synaptic vesicles
3. impulses travel down T tubules
F. Two other Proteins involved
1. tropomyosin
2. tropin and calcium
3. myosin filament ATP binding site:
G. Function of Calcium in muscle contraction
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H. Myosin heads function as ATPase
1. Myosin heads function as ATPase
2. release ADP + P
3. myosin head catalyzes ATP
I. Function of cross-bridges in muscle contraction
J. Whole muscle contraction
1. myogram
2. twitch
3. tetanus
X. Muscle Twitch is divided into three stages
A. Latent period
B. contraction period
C. relaxation period
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D. all or none
E. contraction of a whole muscle varies
XI. muscle tone
A. How is muscle tone exhibited?
B. recruitment & intensity of nervous stimulation
XII. Energy for Muscle contraction
A. Three ways to acquire ATP
1. creatine phosphate
2. fermentation
3. oxygen dependent aerobic respiration
B. three pathways for acquiring
1. myoglobin
2. extra source of oxygen
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XIII. Oxygen Debt
A. define:
B. fermentation
C. repaying oxygen debt
D. energy and muscle contraction
1. atropy
2. hypertrophy
3. regular exercise
XIV. Slow twitch & fast twitch
A. slow twitch fibers
1. these fibers are aerobic
B. fast twitch fibers
1. anaerobic fibers
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