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Supplementary Table 4 – Pathways shared between cattle and E. coli
Pathways
tRNA charging pathway
colanic acid building blocks biosynthesis
de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine ribonucleotides
fatty acid β-oxidation I
glycogen degradation
degradation of purine ribonucleosides†
fatty acid biosynthesis - initial steps
aerobic respiration -- electron donors reaction list‡
coenzyme A biosynthesis
fatty acid elongation – saturated
folate polyglutamylation I
pentose phosphate pathway (non-oxidative branch)
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage pathway
biotin-carboxyl carrier protein
UDP-galactose biosynthesis (salvage pathway from
galactose using UDP-glucose)
4-aminobutyrate degradation I†
degradation of pyrimidine ribonucleosides†
formaldehyde oxidation II (glutathione-dependent)
glycerol degradation I
glycine cleavage complex
lipoate biosynthesis and incorporation I
methylmalonyl pathway
N-acetyl-glucosamine degradation
pentose phosphate pathway (oxidative branch)
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
selenocysteine biosynthesis†
serine biosynthesis†
arginine degradation III (arginine decarboxylase/agmatinase
pathway)
asparagine biosynthesis III
glutathione biosynthesis
glutathione redox reactions II
lipoate biosynthesis and incorporation II†
proline degradation I
putrescine biosynthesis I
removal of superoxide radicals
spermidine biosynthesis
thioredoxin pathway
threonine degradation II
trehalose degradation II (high osmolarity)
alanine biosynthesis II
alanine biosynthesis III
aspartate biosynthesis I
glycine biosynthesis I
Consensus
No.
Type
reactions
Enzyme
20
Enzyme
10
Enzyme
10
Enzyme
7
Enzyme
7
Enzyme
6
Enzyme
6
Enzyme
5
Enzyme
5
Enzyme
5
Enzyme
5
Enzyme
5
Enzyme
5
Enzyme
4
Enzyme
4
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
Supplementary Table 4 – Continued
lactose degradation III
Enzyme
L-cysteine degradation II
Enzyme
L-serine degradation
Enzyme
PRPP biosynthesis I
Enzyme
putrescine biosynthesis III‡
Enzyme
ribose degradation
Enzyme
purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis I
Function
de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides†
Function
Gluconeogenesis
Function
formylTHF biosynthesis I
Function
salvage pathways of adenine, hypoxanthine, and their
Function
nucleosides†
tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis I*
Function
glycolysis I
Function
TCA cycle
Function
N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmannosamine and NFunction
acetylneuraminic acid dissimilation
salvage pathways of pyrimidine ribonucleotides
Function
degradation of purine deoxyribonucleosides†
Function
salvage pathways of guanine, xanthine, and their nucleosides Function
degradation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides*
Function
†
NAD biosynthesis I (from aspartate)
Function
salvage pathways of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides†
Function
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis
Function
NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation‡
Function
S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis
Function
glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)
Function
mannose degradation
Function
methylglyoxal degradation II
Function
†
Pathway contains one pathway hole (missing enzyme)
‡
Pathway contains two pathway holes (missing enzymes)
*
Pathway contains three or more pathway holes (missing enzymes)
1
1
1
1
1
1
14
13
13
12
12
12
11
10
9
8
7
7
6
6
5
4
3
3
2
2
2