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© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA. Fakulti Sains Gunaan.
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
1.0
2.0
Carbon Compounds and Chemical Bonds
1.1
Structure of carbon compounds
1.2
Chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds
1.3
1.4
1.5
Polar and nonpolar molecules: Formal charge and resonance
Intermolecular forces
Hybridization, Atomic and Molecular orbitals
Introduction to Organic Reactions
2.1
2.2
2.3
3.0
Acid-base reactions:
2.2.1 Carbocations and carbanions
2.2.2 Strengths of acids and bases: Ka and pKa
2.2.3 Structure and acidity: resonance and inductive effects
Stereochemistry
3.1
3.2
4.0
Reactions and mechanisms: substitution, elimination, addition and
rearrangement
Homolysis and heterolysis of covalent bonds, homogenic and heterogenic of
bonds
Isomerism:
3.1.1 Structural and geometric isomers: position, functional groups, E and
Z
3.1.2 Optical isomers: chirality, racemic mixture, enantiomer, diastereomer,
meso compound, specific rotation (R,S)
Molecules with more than one stereocenter
Alkanes and cycloalkanes
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
Structure and Nomenclature
Physical Properties
Bond Rotation and Conformational Analysis of Butane
Stability of Cycloalkanes: Ring Strain and Conformation of Cyclohexane
Synthesis of Alkanes: Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Alkynes, Reduction of
Alkyl Halide, Alkylation of terminal Alkynes
Reaction of Alkanes with Halogens
© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA. Fakulti Sains Gunaan.
© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA. Fakulti Sains Gunaan.
5.0
6.0
7.0
Alkyl Halides
5.1
5.2
Structure and Physical Properties of Alkyl Halides
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
5.2.1 Nucleophiles and Leaving Groups
5.2.2 SN2 Reaction: Kinetics, Mechanism and Stereochemistry
5.2.3 SN1 Reaction: Mechanism, Carbocations and Stereochemistry
5.2.4 Factors affecting SN2 and SN1 Reactions
5.3
Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides
5.3.1 E2 Reactions
5.3.2 E1 Reactions
5.4
Substitution versus Elimination
Alkenes and Alkynes
6.1
Alkenes: Nomenclature, Structure and Physical Properties
6.2
Reactions and Mechanisms
6.2.1 Synthesis of Alkenes via Elimination Reactions:
Dehydrohalogenation, Dehydration, Debromination
6.2.2 Addition Reactions and Markovnikov’s and AntiMarkovnikov’s Rule
6.2.3 Oxidation reaction of alkene
6.3
Alkynes: Nomenclature, Structure and Physical Properties
6.4
Reactions and Mechanisms
6.4.1 Addition, Hydration, Oxidation and Reduction
Alcohols and Ethers
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
8.0
Structure, Nomenclature and Physical Properties
Synthesis of Alcohols from Alkenes
Reactions of Alcohols, Alcohols as Acids; Conversion to Alkyl Halides;
Oxidation to Carbonyl Compounds
Synthesis and Reactions of Ethers
Phenols: Structure and Nomenclature; Synthesis and Reactions
Benzene and Aromaticity
8.1
8.2
8.3
Introduction: Benzene, Nomenclature; Structure and Stability; Huckel’s Rule
Other Aromatic Compounds and Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds
Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
8.3.1 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
8.3.2 Halogenation; Nitration and Sulfonation
8.3.3 Friedel-Craft’s Alkylation and Acylation
8.3.4 Substituents effect in aromatic ring
© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA. Fakulti Sains Gunaan.
Practicals
1. Acid-base extraction
2. Preparation of 4-methylcyclohexene from dehydration of 4-methylcyclohexanol
3. Preparation of 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol
4. Preparation of acetylsalicylic acid
5. Nitration of methyl benzoate
6. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC): TLC analysis of analgesic drugs
7. Friedel-Craft’s acylation
Teaching Methodology
Lectures and laboratory sessions
Assessment
Assignments
Tests
Laboratory reports
Final examination
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10%
30%
20%
40%
Recommended Text
Solomons and Fryhle. 9th Edition. Organic Chemistry. W iley 2007
References
McMurry, J. Organic Chemistry, Brooks and Cole 2007
Smith, J. G. Organic Chemistry 2ed. McGraw Hill 2007
th
Wade, L. G. 7
Edition. Organic Chemistry, 2010
th
Seyhan Ege, 5 Edition, Organic Chemistry: Structure and Reactivity, Houghton Mifflin,
2004
Pavia, Lampman, Kriz and Engel, 2nd Edition, Introduction to Organic Laboratory
Tec