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Transcript 
FIGURE 3-1
Basic parts of a computer.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-3
Computer screen for a circuit simulation software.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-4 Ohm’s law circle: V-voltage; I-current; R-resistance. To use the circle, cover the value you want to find and read the other
values as they appear in the formula: V = I ( R; I = V/R; R =V/I.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-5
Ohm’s law example.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-6
Effect of doubling the voltage.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-7
Effect of increasing resistance.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-8
Ohm’s law examples.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-9
Using Ohm’s law to find voltage.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-10 Using Ohm’s law to find resistance.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-11 Circuit to show subscripts.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-12 Series electrical circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-13 Finding total resistance in a series circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-14 Two lamps connected in a series.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-15 Using Ohm’s law for a series circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-16 Effect of adding resistance to a series circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-17 Parallel electrical circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-18 Current flow in a parallel circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-19 Finding total resistance of a parallel circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-20 Finding total resistance when all resistances are the same.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-21 Three lamps connected in parallel.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-22 Sample parallel circuit problem.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-23 Making measurements in a parallel circuit: (a) original circuit; (b) circuit set up to measure current through path 1.
(a)
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-23 continued Making measurements in a parallel circuit: (a) original circuit; (b) circuit set up to measure current through path
1.
(b)
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-24 Simple combination circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-25 Combination circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-26 Current paths in a combination circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-27 Combination-circuit example.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-28 Kirchhoff’s laws: (a) voltage law example; (b) current law examples.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-28 continued Kirchhoff’s laws: (a) voltage law example; (b) current law examples.
(b)
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-29 Series-circuit example.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-30 Series-circuit example.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-31 Parallel-circuit example.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-32 Current flow in a parallel circuit: (a) one path; (b) two paths; (c) R2 changed to 5
(a)
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-32 continued Current flow in a parallel circuit: (a) one path; (b) two paths; (c) R2 changed to 5
(b)
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-32 continued Current flow in a parallel circuit: (a) one path; (b) two paths; (c) R2 changed to 5
(c)
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-33 Combination-circuit example.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-34 Combination-circuit example.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-35 Formulas for finding voltage, current, resistance, or power.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-36 Finding power in a series circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-37 Finding power values in a parallel circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-38 Problem that shows maximum power transfer.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-39 Voltage-divider circuits: (a) series dc circuit used as a voltage divider; (b) tapped resistor used as a voltage divider; (c)
potentiometer used as a voltage divider.
(a)
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-39 continued Voltage-divider circuits: (a) series dc circuit used as a voltage divider; (b) tapped resistor used as a voltage
divider; (c) potentiometer used as a voltage divider.
(b)
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-39 continued Voltage-divider circuits: (a) series dc circuit used as a voltage divider; (b) tapped resistor used as a voltage
divider; (c) potentiometer used as a voltage divider.
(c)
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-40 Voltage-divider design.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-41 Voltage division: (a) equation for problem solving; (b) sample problem.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-41 continued Voltage division: (a) equation for problem solving; (b) sample problem.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-42 Negative voltage derived from a voltage divider.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-43 Voltage-divider design problem: (a) circuit; (b) voltage values.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-43 continued Voltage-divider design problem: (a) circuit; (b) voltage values.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-44 Kirchhoff’s voltage law: (a) voltage drop procedure; (b) algebraic procedure.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-45 Voltage law example.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-46 Kirchhoff’s voltage law example problem.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-47 The superposition method: (a) original circuit; (b) circuit with 30-V source shorted; © circuit with 10-V source shorted;
(d) original circuit with currents recorded.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-48 Thevinin equivalent circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-49 Using the Thevinin method for a one-source circuit: (a) original circuit; (b) problem-solving procedure; (c) Thevinin
equivalent circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-50 Determining circuit configuration for finding RTH.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-51 Calculating load current and voltage output.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-52 Two-source Thevinin equivalent circuit: (a) problem-solving procedures; (b) Thevinin equivalent circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-53 Norton equivalent circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-54 Norton equivalent circuit procedure: (a) problem-solving procedure; (b) Norton equivalent circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-55 Bridge circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-56 Simplification of a bridge circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-57 Calculating load current and voltage output of a bridge circuit.
Dale R. Patrick
Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
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