Download Cells: Midterm Note Cards

Decomposers
Photosynthesis
When organisms (fungi) break down other dead
organisms which replenishes the nutrients in the
soil.
The process by which the leaf of a green plant uses
sunlight to make or synthesize foods from carbon
dioxide and water.
Eubacteria- unicellular, no nucleus or organelles
Archaebacteria- unicellular, no nucleus or organelles
Kingdoms
Protist- unicellular, have organelles (Amoeba,
Paramecium)
Fungi- multi-cellular, decomposers
Plant- multi-cellular, has cell wall and chloroplasts
Animal- multi-cellular, does not have cell wall or
chloroplasts (YOU)
Cell Theory
Cell
Organelle
1. Cells are the building blocks of life.
2. Cells are the smallest parts of living things.
3. Cells come from other cells.
 The building block of life.
 The beginning material for ALL life.
 Tiny structure of a cell with a special job
(function)
 Means “little organ”
 Such as; mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic
reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
 Stiff covering outside the cell membrane of a
plant cell
 Protects and supports the plant
 Thicker and tougher than cell membrane
 Allows materials pass through
 Animal cell’s outer covering
 Gives the cell shape and holds it together
 Controls materials that move in and out of the
cell such as: oxygen, nutrients, wastes, carbon
dioxide
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Cyto = cell
Made mostly of water
Translucent, grayish, jellylike, flows
Gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus
It is the place most activities take place
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Largest, most visible part of a cell
Has its own membrane
Is the control center of the cell’s activities
Round or oval-shaped
 More of a square shape
 Has the same organelles of an animal cell plus
chloroplasts and cell wall.
 It contains a larger vacuole (Central Vacuole)
 Roundish in shape
 Has the same organelles as a plant cell minus
chloroplasts and cell wall.
 If they contain a vacuole they are smaller than
a plant cell.
Structure
Function
Protist
 The parts a cell or organism
 Example: organelles, organs
The job of a structure
Example: The vacuole stores water
 Single-celled (unicellular), eukaryotic
 Example: Amoeba, Paramecium
Amoeba
One-celled (unicellular)
Protist Kingdom, flexible membrane, indefinite
shape
Euglena
One-celled (unicellular)
Protist Kingdom that is green in color and a
flagellum
Levels of Organization
Cellular Level
Actions that take place in the smallest living unit
Example: photosynthesis, protection, energy
production…
Cellular Activities
Activities that take place in the smallest living unit
Example: photosynthesis, making protein, making
energy…
Spontaneous Generation
A theory believed for 2,000 years. Scientists
believed that mice “spontaneously appeared” from
dirty underwear and wheat.