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Text Chapter 5: The Working Cell
What are the two Laws of Thermodynamics
Chemical Reactions: endergoninc vs. exergonic reactions
ATP = adenosine triphosphate
Enzymes
 Catalysts
 Specific: active site
 Enzyme-Substrate Complex
 Enzymes lower the activation energy (EA) needed to start a
reaction
 Factors in the cell environment affect enzyme activity
 What are enzyme inhibitors?
Questions: How does the antibiotic penicillin actually work?
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE and FUNCTION
 Semi-permeable
 Phospholipid bilayer
 Passive Transport
across a membrane
HL
o Diffusion
 Concentration gradient
o Osmosis
 Transport Proteins facilitate movement across membranes
o simple diffusion vs. facilitated diffusion
o active transport: membrane proteins act as pumps
Exocytosis and Endocytosis
 Transport LARGE molecules across membranes