Download Cell Structure and Function Name

Cell Structure and Function
Name
Period
Date
Timeline: History of Cells
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Robert
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From the Latin “cella” meaning “
”
Father of
-1675
A Dutch
merchant who became interested in studying
Was the first to see and describe
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cells and
Rene Dutrochet-1824
1st scientist to hypothesize that
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Robert Brown- 1833
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First to use the term
Anton van
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1665
Names the
processes
and proposes that it has an important role in the control of cellular
Matthias Schleiden (1838) – All plants
Theodor Schwann (1839) – All animals
Rudolf Virchow (1856)
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“Where a cell exists, there a cell must
How do we see cells?
”
There are 3 kinds of microscopes:
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Microscope
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Magnifies up to
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Microscope (
)
Magnifies up to
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Microscope (
Magnifies up to
Scanning Electron Microscope
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Can look at
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Can only look at
of the specimen in
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A beam of
is sent
through the thin slice of specimen, the
image is enlarged and put on film
of the specimen
Specimen is coated in
and an electron beam is sent into it,
electrons bounce off onto a piece of film, which forms a
picture of
the specimen
Transmission Electron Microscope
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3 Parts of the Cell Theory
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2.
3.
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Number of Cells
Unicellular – composed of
Multicellular- composed of
Colonial –
 There are 2 main kinds of cells
and
Prokaryotic Cells
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Lack a
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Much
than eukaryotic cells
is an example
Eukaryotic Cells
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Have a
Include plants, animals, fungi and protista
Plasma Membrane
Present in
Regulates the
and out of the cell
into
Provides
and
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Composed of a
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It is
things get in, some don’t)
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Lipid bilayer is made up of hydrophilic and
hydrophobic regions
Cytoplasm
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(some
Also found in
Cytoplasm: the
cell
of the
This is where
Mainly made of
Nucleus
– contains the
of the cell
• DNA is also called
• surrounded by a
•Controls
Called the nuclear
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Nucleolus
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Where the
within the nucleus
This is where
are produced
Ribosomes
Make
May be free in the
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• Comes from the Greek Endo = “
• A
• This is the
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Produces
OR bound to the
Endoplasmic Reticulum
” Latin reticulum = “
.”
within the cytoplasm
of the cell
Rough ER
and
Called
because of
Things made here leave by
(little sacs) that pinch off and
Smooth ER
in the cytoplasm
No
Builds
Golgi Apparatus
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• Like the
finished proteins
finished proteins (in vesicles)
of the cell
Vesicles
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that are classified by their
shaped sacs that are surrounded by a single membrane and
Lysosomes
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Vesicles that contain
Used to
Also help to “
Only in
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The cell’s
Involved in
Helps to convert
cell invaders, old organelles, or food
” cells when needed, by releasing their
cells
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
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A network of thin tubes and filaments made of
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Give the cell
that crisscross in the cytosol.
and
Cilia and Flagella
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structures that extend from the surface of a cell and they assist in
Cilia are
Flagella are
Both are made of
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Centrioles
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Made of
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Plants have
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Animals have
Organize
Only in
of all
during cell division
cells
Differences in Plant and Animal Cells
Central Vacuole
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area
in animal cells
Helps to give
in plant cells- holds
Cell Wall
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The cell wall is a
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Organelles that are surrounded by a
mitochondria)
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Examples:
that is found in plants, fungi, and bacteria cells
Made mainly of
Has
for the movement of
It
– Chloroplasts- contain
– Chromoplasts- contain
– Amyloplasts- store
,
, and
of the cell and is extremely
Plastids
and contain their own
(like
pigments
pigments
Chloroplasts
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Site of
Contains the
pigment
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Cell Transport
Name
Period
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Date
Concentration
- from
concentration to
concentration
Passive Transport needed
– Goes
the concentration gradient
– Examples are diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion
Active Transport energy
– Goes
the concentration gradient
– Examples are protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis
Diffusion- The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration
– Movement
the concentration gradient (passive transport)
– Diffusion occurs until
is reached
• Equilibrium is when the concentration of molecules is the
a space they occupy
Osmosis
– Water is one of the small, polar substances that can
through the
selectively
plasma membrane
– The
of
across a membrane is called osmosis.
– Water moves from
to
concentration (
transport)
Isotonic Solution (Iso=Same)
– The concentration of water molecules and solutes are the
inside and outside the cell.
• Remember, solutes are
in water, like salt or sugar
– Water molecules will move across the membrane at the
rate in
both directions.
– NO
MOVEMENT, cell
Hypertonic Solution (Hyper=above)
– Hypertonic solution =
solute /
water on outside
– Water will move
of the cell
– Plant cells will lose Turgor
(the pressure water
molecules exert on the cell wall)
– Plasmolysis occurs which is where cell membranes
Hypotonic Solution (Hypo=below)
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concentration of solute on outside of cell when
compared to the inside of cell
– Water will move
the cell
– Cell will
or possibly
(called
)
– Plant cells will
Turgor Pressure
Plasma Membrane
– Remember, the function of the plasma
membrane is
the
materials into and out of the cell
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The plasma membrane is
which means some things can get
through and some cannot.
– It is made of a phospholipid bilayer, but also contains embedded
that help
with
– Small molecules
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, carbon dioxide, and
– Large molecules like glucose and ions
Facilitated Diffusion
– Proteins help transport molecules
their concentration gradient that cannot
diffuse by themselves (from HIGH to LOW
concentrationtransport)
– Carrier
assist these
molecules with
diffusion
– Different carrier proteins will transport
molecules (each protein is
!)
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is transported this way
– Molecules can be moved
OR
of the cell
Active Transport
– This type of transport
and usually moves
the
concentration gradient
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proteins are usually involved, but may
be called protein pumps
Endo and Exocytosis
– Some substances are too
to transport
into the cell through carrier proteins
• So, endocytosis and exocytosis are used
– Endocytosis is the process by which cells take
substances
– Exocytosis is the process by which cells let
substances
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