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Impact on the energy of the atmosphere of some fuels 240 Increase in relative radiative forcing 200 160 120 80 40 0 Logging residues Reed canary grass Natural gas Peat from agricultural land Mineral coal Peat from forestry land • Radioactive forcing means the difference in power between the radiation entering the atmosphere and emitted from it. Relative radiative forcing means the relation of these two. Positive radiative forcing means that the atmosphere is warming, negative that it is cooling. • The impact has been evaluated on a hundred years’ run. The vertical line means the uncertainty of the evaluation. • Source: Johanna Kirkinen: Greenhouse impact assessment of some combustible fuels with a dynamic life cycle approach. Åbo Akademi University, VTT, 2010.