Download Earth Science Chapter 28 Notes

Earth Science Chapter 28 Notes
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the
identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____1.
Mercury has the largest day-night temperature
difference of all the planets in the solar system.
_________________________
____2.
In the early 1500s, Tycho Brahe formulated the
heliocentric model of the solar system.
_________________________
____3.
Mercury rotates one and one-half times in one orbit
around the Sun. _________________________
____4.
Asteroids are thought to be leftover planetesimals that
never formed planets from the time of the solar system’s
formation. _________________________
____5.
Neptune has clouds and atmospheric belts and zones
similar to those of Saturn and Uranus.
_________________________
Completion
Complete each statement.
1. In the diagram below, the four terrestrial planets in order
from the closest to the farthest from the Sun are A
____________________, B ____________________, C
____________________, and D ____________________.
2. The terrestrial planets are close to the size of Earth and have
_________________________ surfaces, while the gas giant
planets are larger, more gaseous, and
______________________________.
3. The gas giants are composed primarily of lightweight
elements, such as ____________________.
4. The rapid rotation of the largest gas giant
____________________, causes its clouds to flow in
alternating cloud types called
_________________________.
5. A dwarf planet is an object that is
___________________________________.
Kepler’s laws of planetary motion demonstrate that each
planet’s orbit around the Sun sweeps out in a shape called
an ellipse, rather than a circle. This means that a planet does
not maintain a constant distance from the Sun. Kepler found
that an imaginary line between the Sun and a planet sweeps
out equal amounts of area in equal amounts of time. Kepler
also discovered a mathematical relationship between the
size of a planet’s ellipse and its orbital period.
Use the terms below to label the two diagrams.
foci
major
axis
semimajor
axis
aphelion
perihelion
Sun
6. Number 1 on the diagram above is the
____________________.
7. Number 2 on the diagram above are
____________________.
8. Number 3 on the diagram above is the
____________________.
9. Number 5 on the diagram above is the
____________________.
Label the diagram of our solar system by writing the name
of each body next to its number. Note that the diagram is not
to scale.
10. Number 1 on the diagram above is
____________________.
11. Number 2 on the diagram above is
____________________.
12. Number 3 on the diagram above is
____________________.
13. Number 4 on the diagram above is
____________________.
14. Number 5 on the diagram above is
____________________.
15. Number 6 on the diagram above is
____________________.
16. Number 7 on the diagram above is
____________________.
17. Number 8 on the diagram above is
____________________.
18. Number 10 on the diagram above is
____________________.
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. Kepler’s second law
d. solar nebula
b. law of universal
e. retrograde motion
gravitation
c. interstellar cloud
f. planetismals
____1.
Can condense and become concentrated enough to form
a star and possibly planets
____2.
The movement of a planet in an opposing direction
across the sky
____3.
The disk of dust and gas that formed the Sun and
planets
____4.
Tiny grains of condensed material accumulate and
merge together to form these large bodies that grow until
they reach hundreds of kilometers in diameter
____5.
An imaginary line between the Sun and a planet that
sweeps out equal amounts of area in equal amounts of time
____6.
The statement that describes the relationship among the
masses of two bodies and the force and distance between
them
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. meteor
d. comet
b. interstellar cloud
e. 1 astronomical unit
c. belt
f. precession
____7.
Earth’s average distance from the Sun: 1.496  108 km
____8.
Cloud type that is low, warm, dark-colored, and sinking
____9.
The wobble of Earth’s axis caused by the Moon’s
gravitational force on Earth
____10. Cloud of gas and dust from which stars and planets are
formed
____11. A bright, glowing streak of light in Earth’s atmosphere
caused by the burning up of interplanetary material
____12. Small, icy body made of ice and rock that has a highly
eccentric orbit around the Sun
Earth Science Chapter 28 Test
Answer Section
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS:
T
PTS: 1 DIF:
Bloom's
Level 2|DOK 1
NAT:
UCP.2 | A.1 | D.3 | D.4 STA: ES-2.1
2. ANS:
F, Nicholas Copernicus
PTS:
1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK 1 NAT:
UCP.2 | A.1 | B.4 | D.4 | G.3
STA:
ES-2.1
3. ANS:
T
PTS: 1 DIF:
Level 1|DOK 1
NAT:
UCP.1 | A.1 | D.4 | E.2 | G.3 STA:
Bloom's
4. ANS:
T
PTS:
Level 1|DOK 1
NAT:
UCP.4 | D.4STA:
Bloom's
5. ANS:
1
DIF:
ES-2.1
ES-2.1
F, Jupiter
PTS:
1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
UCP.1 | A.1 | B.4 | D.4
STA:
ES-2.1
COMPLETION
1. ANS:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
PTS:
1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK 1 NAT:
UCP.1 | A.1 | D.4 | E.2 | G.3
STA:
ES-2.1
2. ANS:
solid and rocky, lack solid surfaces
PTS:
1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK 1 NAT:
UCP.1 | A.1 | D.4 | E.2 | G.3
STA:
ES-2.1
3. ANS:
hydrogen
helium
carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
PTS:
1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
UCP.1 | A.1 | B.4 | D.4
STA:
ES-2.1
4. ANS:
Jupiter, belts and zones
PTS:
1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK 1 NAT:
UCP.1 | A.1 | B.4 | D.4
STA:
ES-2.1
5. ANS:
spherical in shape, orbits the Sun, is not a
satellite, and has not cleared its orbit of debris
PTS:
1 DIF:
UCP.1 | A.1 | D.4
STA:
ES-2.1
6. ANS:
major axis
PTS:
1 DIF:
UCP.2 | A.1 | G.3
STA:
ES-2.1
7. ANS:
Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
foci
PTS:
1 DIF:
UCP.2 | A.1 | G.3
STA:
ES-2.1
8. ANS:
Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
semimajor axis
PTS:
1 DIF:
UCP.2 | A.1 | G.3
Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
STA:
9. ANS:
ES-2.1
Sun
PTS:
1 DIF:
UCP.2 | A.1 | G.3
STA:
ES-2.1
10. ANS:
Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
Mercury
PTS:
1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
UCP.1 | A.1 | D.4 | E.2 | G.3
STA:
ES-2.1
11. ANS:
Venus
PTS:
1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
UCP.1 | A.1 | D.4 | E.2 | G.3
STA:
ES-2.1
12. ANS:
Earth
PTS:
1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
UCP.1 | A.1 | D.4 | E.2 | G.3
STA:
ES-2.1
13. ANS:
Mars
PTS:
1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
UCP.1 | A.1 | D.4 | E.2 | G.3
STA:
ES-2.1
14. ANS:
Jupiter
PTS:
1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
UCP.1 | A.1 | B.4 | D.4
STA:
ES-2.1
15. ANS:
Saturn
PTS:
1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
UCP.1 | A.1 | B.4 | D.4
STA:
ES-2.1
16. ANS:
Uranus
PTS:
1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
UCP.1 | A.1 | B.4 | D.4
STA:
ES-2.1
17. ANS:
Neptune
PTS:
1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
UCP.1 | A.1 | B.4 | D.4
STA:
ES-2.1
18. ANS:
Sun
PTS:
1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1 NAT:
UCP.2 | A.1 | B.4 | D.4 | G.3
STA:
ES-2.1
MATCHING
1. ANS:
1
NAT:
C PTS:
1
UCP.4 | D.4STA:
ES-2.1
2. ANS:
1
NAT:
E PTS:
Bloom's Level 2|DOK
3. ANS:
1
NAT:
D PTS:
UCP.4 | D.4STA:
ES-2.1
4. ANS:
1
NAT:
F
Bloom's Level 2|DOK
UCP.4 | D.4STA:
ES-2.1
5. ANS:
1
NAT:
A PTS:
Bloom's Level 2|DOK
1
DIF:
DIF:
UCP.2 | A.1 | G.3
PTS:
1
1
1
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
Bloom's Level 2|DOK
STA:
ES-2.1
Bloom's Level 2|DOK
UCP.2 | A.1 | B.4 | D.4 | G.3 STA:
ES-2.1
6. ANS:
1
NAT:
B PTS:
7. ANS:
1
NAT:
E PTS:
8. ANS:
1
NAT:
C PTS:
9. ANS:
1
NAT:
F
1
DIF:
Bloom's Level 2|DOK
UCP.2 | A.1 | B.4 | D.4 STA:
1
DIF:
ES-2.1
Bloom's Level 2|DOK
UCP.2 | A.1 | B.4 | D.4 | G.3 STA:
1
DIF:
Bloom's Level 2|DOK
UCP.1 | A.1 | B.4 | D.4 STA:
PTS:
1
DIF:
ES-2.1
10. ANS:
1
NAT:
B PTS:
UCP.4 | D.4STA:
ES-2.1
11. ANS:
1
NAT:
A PTS:
Bloom's Level 2|DOK
UCP.4 | D.4STA:
ES-2.1
12. ANS:
1
NAT:
D PTS:
Bloom's Level 2|DOK
1
1
DIF:
ES-2.1
Bloom's Level 2|DOK
UCP.2 | A.1 | D.3 | D.4 STA:
1
ES-2.1
DIF:
DIF:
UCP.4 | D.4STA:
Bloom's Level 2|DOK
ES-2.1