Download THE STORY OF SMALLPOX

THE STORY OF SMALLPOX
HISTORY OF SMALLPOX
• As early as 10,000 BC
• Found on Egyptian mummies
• During the 1700’s around half a million
European people died each year
• In the 1900’s smallpox killed 300-500 million
people
EARLY TREATMENTS AT SMALLPOX
• In the 6th century BC, the Chinese practiced a
form of treatment called variolation.
• They took smallpox scabs
• Ground up the scabs
• And inhaled the power
HOW DID IT WORK?
• GUESS
How did it work..
• Sometimes it gave the patients smallpox
• Sometimes it did not work and patients got
smallpox later
• Sometimes it worked and people were
protected against smallpox for life
• Explanation…..
Europe
• Europeans had a different way to practice
variolation
• They scraped patient’s arms and placed
smallpox pus into the patient’s arms
How did It work?
• Explanation…..
cowpox
Towards a smallpox vaccine
• People began to notice that dairy maids who
got cowpox, lived and worked around people
with smallpox, but the dairy maids did not get
smallpox
Edward Jenner
Edward Jenner
• Needed a subject to test his hypothesis that
cowpox protected against smallpox.
• So he “volunteered” his gardner’s son – James
Phipps
Steps taken:
•
•
•
•
Scratch arm
Add cowpox pus
Phipps had a mild case of cowpox
Two weeks later Phipps was given a large dose
of smallpox pus by Jenner
• Phipps never got smallpox and was therefore
protected
Why did Jenner’s vaccine work?
Vaccine
• The term used to give a patient a mimic or
fake disease in order to prevent them from
getting the real disease is called a vaccine – in
honor of Jenner ( vacca – cow)
Smallpox reaction
•
•
•
•
•
Jenner, after his vaccine in 1796 found
A. fame
B. fortune
C. fame and fortune
D. neither fame nor fortune
Eradication of smallpox
• The annual cost of the smallpox campaign
between 1967-1979 was US $23 million.
• Was this a worthwhile use of taxpayer money?
• discuss
• The US saves the total of all its contributions
every 26 days because it does not have to
vaccinate or treat the disease.
Modern Vaccines
• Modern vaccines are made from killed
bacteria or inactivated viruses
• Or they are weaked
• Or they are pieces of part of the whole germ
• Or they are mimics of the poisons bacteria
create
Viral diseases
• Prevented with vaccines
• Cannot be treated with antibiotics
polio
polio
polio
• Work of Jonas Salk
• Began working on a vaccine for polio in 1942.
• Guess when the vaccine was ready for testing?
polio
• 1954 – approved for testing – how Salk
“jumped the gun”
• 1955 – approved for public use
Polio today
Bacterial diseases
• Strep throat – caused by Streptococcus
pyogenes
Strep throat
• The strep bacteria produce a poison that
makes the capillaries swell open- causing
blood to rush under the skin – called
• SCARLET FEVER
Strep throat
• The patient makes antibodies against the
strep poison.
• The antibodies also bind with heart and
kidney tissue and damage the heart and
kidneys.
Strep throat
• The reason why doctors check for strep, is
because it would be better to attach the
infection with antibiotics not antibodies.
• SOMETIMES MEDICINES ARE BETTER THAN
LETTING NATURE TAKE ITS COURSE
• That way the patient does not make an army
of antibodies that could damage the heart and
kidneys.
BOTULISM
CHOLERA
SYPHILIS
GONORRHEA
PRIONS
• Are infectious particles made of protein only
• THEY HAVE NO GENES – SO HOW DO THEY
SPREAD???
HOW PRIONS SPREAD
• Prions are deformed proteins that cause the
proteins in the brain to deform
• It would be like if everyone you bumped into
would turn into you, and those people would
bump into other turning them into you –soon
there would be a whole lot of you
Prion diseases
• BSE – Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy –
also known as mad cow disease
• Kuru