Download Heterotrophic Protists II

Kingdom Protista
Hetetotrophic Protists II:
Zooflagellates & Sporozoans
D) Zooflagellates: Phylum
Sarcomastigophora
1) Movement: Flagellum
The Termite, the zooflagellate &
the bacteria.
• Although termites are famous for their ability to eat
wood, causing damage to wooden structures and
recycling cellulose in the soil, they are unable to digest
the wood that they eat. To break down the cellulose,
termites enlist the help of a variety of microorganisms.
Protozoans such a Trichonympha sphaerica to
digest cellulose is an example of endosymbiosis, a
symbiotic relationship with an organism that lives
inside the body of the host organism (in this case,
within the hindgut of the termite).
a) Trypanosoma gambiense can cause African
Sleeping Sickness (Trypanosomiasis)
It is transmitted by the tsetse fly. It is
characterized by increasing fever, lethargy,
mental deterioration, and coma.
Sleeping sickness is blamed for some
25,000 deaths in Africa each year. the
disease (along with a similar disease
called nagana) annually kills 3 million
cattle.
b) Another Disease caused by
Trypanosoma is Chagas’ Disease
(Typanosoma cruzi)
Transmitted by the “kissing bug” The patient
suffers from fever & severe heart damage. It can
also cause eyelid & facial swelling called
“chagoma.” Usually in South America & Mexico
c) A zooflagellate called Giardia lamblia causes
giardiasis – an illness that causes severe
diarrhea & intestinal cramps.
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It is transmitted when animals with the organism
their feces, contaminate water supplies.The
disease is usually not fatal. It usually occurs in
Africa, but thousands of cases occur in the U.S.
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d) A disease called leishmaniasis, a blood
disease, afflicts millions in Africa, Asia and
Latin America. ( 12 million infected worldwide)
It is transmitted by the sand flea.
(The zooflagellate Leishmania donovani.) It can
cause disfiguring skin sores, fever, chills, weight
loss, anemia, and can be fatal.
E) Phylum Apicomplexa: No Form of Locomotion
(sporozoans)
a) Toxoplasma gondii – causes toxoplasmosis
It is dangerous to newborns or a developing fetus.
Some adults become seriously ill with flu like
symptoms. It is transmitted by birds, rodents
and domestic cats.
b) Plasmodium – causes malaria . It is
characterized by severe chills, fever, sweating,
fatigue, and great thirst. Victims die of kidney
failure, anemia, or brain damage. It is carried by
the Anopheles mosquito.
Malaria is estimated to kill more than 600,000
people every year, mostly in Africa.
Four species of Plasmodium can infect humans. All have life
cycles that involve the Anopheles mosquito which
transmits the protozoan to humans while feeding.