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Final EXAM Review
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Proctor:
Short Answer
1. What name is given to groups that translate inputs from citizens into outputs from the policymakers?
2. Describe the relationship between education and voter participation.
3. Using Government spending programs to stimulate the economic growth is an example of what economic
theory?
4. “That the legislative, executive, and judiciary department shall be separate and distinct...”can be attributed to
which political theorist?
5. Identify and describe two types of primary elections.
6. Journalists believe that it is most important for the media to __________
7. How does debate in the Senate differ from debate in the House?
8. In which part of the U.S. Constitution can we find the goals for the American government?
9. What are the primary tools used by governments to steer their economies?
10. What name is given to the corrupt political organization that uses specific and material inducements to win
party loyalty and power?
11. True/False...
a) As individuals get older, they are more likely to identify with either the Democrats or the Republicans.
b) As of 2008, older Americans over 65 were more likely to say they were Independents than were younger
Americans.
c) More Americans age 65 and older identify as Democrats than identify as Independents or Republicans.
d) More young Americans age 18 to 24 identify as Independents than identify as Democrats or Republicans
12. Most of the real work of Congress goes on in __________, which dominate congressional
policymaking in all its stages.
13. What is political efficacy?
14. What made racial discrimination illegal in places of public accommodation?
15. A member of Congress helping a constituent gain citizenship is an example of what type of action?
16. The Three-Fifths Compromise—the infamous agreement which counted Southern slaves as three-fifths of a
person for the purpose of elevating population and, therefore, representation in the House of
Representatives—disappeared from the Constitution with the passage of the:
17. What form of educational segregation occurs by law and is illegal?
18. What is the difference between staff and line agencies?
19. Liberal or Conservative...
a) Which group is most closely linked to using the gov’t to help promote social progress?
b) Which group is linked to the desire to decrease gov’t power and spending?
c) Which group tends to favor stricter gun control laws?
d) Which group tends to favor a woman’s choice to have an abortion?
20. What occurs when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill and the president simply lets the bill
die by neither signing it nor sending it back?
21. According to Montesquieu, _____________ is the greatest enemy to liberty
22. The United Nations merely endorsing a plan to eradicate malaria in Africa is an example of what type of
approach to international problems?
23. What name is given to the informal groups that have evolved in Congress that attract people with common interests
or ideologies?
24. True/False...
a) In the 1980s moderates expressed more negative than positive feelings toward gays and lesbians.
b) Liberals have consistently been more supportive of gays and lesbians since the 1980s.
c) Public support for gays and lesbians has increased since the 1980s.
d) Young people within each ideological group express more favorable views of gays and lesbians.
25. It is clear the American government is most closely associated with what form of gov’t, based upon
institutions like the Electoral College and the House of Representatives?
26. Reserved powers are guaranteed by which amendment?
27. What is the most common form of political participation in the U.S.?
28. True/False...
a) Incumbents usually face very tough challengers, especially in races for the House.
b) Incumbents usually have more money than their challengers.
c) Incumbents usually have their party’s endorsement.
d) Incumbents usually win elections
29. The Supreme Court’s unwillingness to settle disputes about the constitutionality of the War Powers Act is an
example of the doctrine of __________, used as a means to decide cases involving conflict between the
president and Congress.
30. Associated with Judicial Restraint or Judicial Activism?
a) Federal courts are the least democratic branch of government.
b) Judges should chart new constitutional ground given their power of judicial review.
c) Observers question the qualifications of judges for making policy decisions and balancing interests.
d) Policymaking should be left strictly to the legislature
31. Journalists believe that it is least important for the media to __________
32. Who stated, “The existence of political factions should be legal to protect against the tyranny of majority
rule” and where is it found?
33. True/False...
a) At times, House leaders bypass committees altogether, referring high-priority legislation directly to the
floor.
b) House leaders frequently refer bills to several committees at the same time.
c) Individual senators have substantial opportunities for influence through mechanisms such as the filibuster.
d) Party leaders exercise a great deal of control over the House
34. The Senate giving its consent to a peace treaty is an example of what principle of American gov’t?
35. Congressional whips serve what main function?
36. Describe the relationship between age and voter participation.
37. What term refers to the constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to Congress with reasons for
rejecting it?
38. Which amendment protects one’s right to burn the U.S. flag?
39. According to the Declaration of Independence life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are...
40. Presidential leadership of Congress “at the margins” refers to a notion of presidential leadership in which
presidents do what?
41. What term refers to the rise in prices for consumer goods?
42. True/False
a) An elector has never voted differently from the popular vote winner of his state.
b) It is scheduled to be phased out in 2011, though some still argue its usefulness and want to rescind the
phase-out.
c) It is used in nearly half of the democratic nations around the world.
d) It over-represents small states
43. What does it mean to “pigeonhole” a bill?
44. For each of the following rights, provide an example of an action that would NOT be protected by the First
Amendment
Freedom of Speech
Freedom of Press
Freedom of Assembly
45. A network comprised by the Retail Tobacco Distributors of America, the Department of Agriculture, and the
House Tobacco Subcommittee is an example of
46. Which ideological group would more likely support free-market solutions, increased military spending, & low
taxes?
47. The proportion of the gross domestic product spent by state and local government has grown less rapidly than
the proportion of the GDP spent by the national government is an example of...
48. What power is being described..."Even if the president stops a bill, Congress can still have its way if twothirds of the members are willing to vote for it."
49. How is judicial review related to checks and balances?
50. When it comes to classifications on the basis of race, the Supreme Court applies the __________ standard of
review
51. True/False...
a) A majority of Americans consider themselves to be conservative-liberals.
b) A majority of Americans place themselves in the middle, between extreme liberal or conservative views.
c) Most Americans are extremely conservative.
d) Most Americans are extremely liberal.
52. People with (higher/lower) incomes are more likely to donate money to campaigns, to contact politicians, to
attend public meetings, and to sign petitions than individuals at (higher/lower) income levels
53. Congress passes a law drastically changing the focus of the American education system with an estimated
cost of almost $1 billion but only appropriates $100 million total in lump sum to the states for
implementation. What do we call this?
54. What clause in the 14th amendment means that laws cannot establish different standards for the treatment of
different groups?
55. Describe the relationship between culture & government.
56. A country with very strong economic ties to the United States is allowing human rights violations to take
place. Based on U.S. foreign policy, which is an appropriate first response?
57. What functions do political parties fulfill?
58. Why did Jefferson begin his case for autonomy in the Declaration of Independence with a statement of
“natural rights?”
59. True/False...
a) Among people under the age of 30, there are just as many liberals as conservatives.
b) Groups with political clout tend to be more conservative than those who lack access to political power.
c) More Americans choose the ideological label of conservative over liberal.
d) The younger the individual, the more likely that person is to be conservative.
60. A congressional committee established to rework different versions of a bill is called a
61. Compared to other industrialized democracies, the United States has a __________ voter turnout.
62. What power is being described..."Congress may get its way, but the president is confident when a challenge to
the law is heard by the Supreme Court, it will be declared unconstitutional."
63. True/False...
a) A majority of Americans with high income identify with the Democratic Party.
b) African Americans identify overwhelmingly with the Democratic Party.
c) Jews identify overwhelmingly with the Republican Party.
d) Most white evangelicals identify with the Republican Party.
64. Legal and constitutional protections against the government describe our...
65. True/False...
a) Donating money is the most frequent form of political participation regardless of income.
b) People at higher income levels are more likely to sign petitions and attend meetings than to contact
politicians or donate money to campaigns.
c) People with higher incomes are more likely to donate money to campaigns, to contact politicians, to attend
public meetings, and to sign petitions than individuals at lower income levels
66. What term refers to an alliance of various interest groups and individuals who unite in order to promote a
single issue in government policy?
67. Whereas interest groups tend to be __________, political parties are __________
68. What is the only formal method for ending a filibuster?
69. The tendency of states to hold primaries earlier in the calendar to capitalize on media attention is called....
70. Which amendment gave women the right to vote?
71. The Brown v. Board of Education decision reversed “__________,” as established by the Supreme Court’s
1896 ruling in __________.
72. Under current campaign finance regulations, is it permissable for...
a. An individual contribution to a congressional candidate in the amount of $5,000 in the 2008 elections.
b. A soft-money contribution to a political party in the amount of $10,000 in the presidential election of 2000.
c. Mitt Romney’s spending of $44 million out of his own pocket in pursuit of the Republican presidential
nomination in 2008
73. What power is being described..."The president rejects the bill Congress is voting on; he does not think it is
the right thing for the government to do."
74. A __________ is a group of members of Congress who share some interest or characteristic; their goal is to
promote the interests around which they are formed.
Final Review
Answer Section
SHORT ANSWER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
19.
L, C, L, L
20.
Pocket Veto
21.
Tyranny
22.
Soft Power
23.
Caucus
24.
F, T, T, T
25.
Republic
Linkage institutions
more educ more likely to participate
Keynesian
Montesquieu
Closed - only registered party member
may participate
Open - all registered voters may
participate
6.
investigate claims made by the gov’t
26.
10th
7.
debate in the Senate is virtually
unlimited
27.
voting
28.
F, T, T, T
29.
Political Questions
30.
Restraint
Activism
Restraint
Restraint
31.
entertain
32.
James Madison in Federalist #10
33.
T, F, T, T
34.
Checks & Balances
35.
persuade party members to toe the
party line
36.
increase in age equals increase in
participation
37.
Veto
38.
1st
8.
Preamble
9.
fiscal & monetary policy
10.
Local Political Matching
11.
T, F, T, T
12.
committees
13.
This is how much an individual feels
he or she can affect political events
14.
Civil rights Act of 1964
15.
Casework
16.
13th Amendment
17.
de jure
18.
Staff agencies advise and assist, while
line agencies carry out policies
39.
Unalienable Rights
40.
attempt to build coalitions and create a
political climate favorable to the
president’s policy agenda
41.
F, F, F, T
43.
bury it in committee
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
He wanted to establish a philosophical
foundation for the colonies right to
sever ties with England and
enlightenment era thinkers were
influential and respected
59.
T, T, T, F
60.
conference committee
61.
much lower
62.
Judicial review
63.
T, T, F, T
64.
Civil Liberties
65.
F, F, T
66.
Issue networks
67.
policy specialist
policy generalist
68.
Cloture
69.
frontloading
70.
19th
71.
separate but equal
Plessy v Ferguson
72.
n, n, y
73.
Veto
74.
caucus
inflation
42.
44.
58.
Threats/Lies/Riots
Iron Triangle
Conservatives
fiscal federalism
override
allows S.C. to prevent abuse of power
by other 2 branches
strict scrutiny
F, T, F, F
52.
higher
lower
53.
an unfunded mandate
54.
Equal Protection
55.
Citizens’ political identity and views
are driven by cultural factors
56.
Initiate diplomatic talks
57.
select candidates
run campaigns
cue voters
articulate policies
coordinate policymaking