Download The Knee - Doral Academy Preparatory

The Knee
Anatomy
The Bones
• The knee is comprised of 3 bones
– Femur
– Patella
– Tibia
• The Fibula has no bearing on the knee
The Femur
12
15 segments of the Femur
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Head
Fovea Capitis
Neck
Greater Trochanter
Intertrochanteric Line
Lesser Trochanter
Gluteal Tuberosity
Linea aspera
Pectineal Line
Body
Medial/Lateral Epicondyle
Medial/Lateral condyle
Patellar Grove
Intercondylar Fossa
Patella – Body’s largest sesamoid
bone
4
4 Segments of the Patella
•
•
•
•
Base – superior pole
Apex – inferior pole
Medial Articulating Facet
Lateral Articulating Facet
Tibia
6
6 segments of the Tibia
•
•
•
•
•
•
Medial Condyle
Lateral Condyle
Intercondylar Eminance
Tibial Tuberosity
Shaft
Medial Malleolus
Muscles
Refer to Handout
• The knee uses muscles from both the upper
leg and lower leg
– Hamstring to flex the knee
– Gastrocnemius to the flex knee
Ligaments
• Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
– Purpose: Keep the Tibia from translating posteriorly
(bkwrds)
• 120% to 150% wider than ACL; is Primary stabilizer of knee
• Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
– Purpose: Prevent excessive Valgus (lateral) force
• Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
– Purpose: Stabilizing against –
•
•
•
•
Tibia from translating forward
Internal rotation of tibia on femur
External rotation of tibia on femur
Hyperextension of tibiofemoral joint
• Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
– Purpose: Prevent excessive Varus (medial) force
Origin / Insertion of Ligs
• PCL – O: 2 bands; Posterior aspect of tibia
I: Medial Femoral condyle
• MCL – O: Medial condyle of Femur
I: Neck of the Tibia
• ACL – O: Anteriormedial Tibial condyle
I: Lateral Femoral condyle
• LCL – O: Lateral condyle of Femur
I: Head of Fibula
Anterior View
Origin /Insertion:
• Quadriceps Tendon - O: Quadriceps
becomes tendon I: Superior aspect of
Patella
• Patellar Ligament - O: Anterior Inferior
Patella I: Tibial Tuberosity.
Patella and Patellar Lig
Mensicii
Meniscii
Purpose: Act as “shock absorbers” for
the knee, and provide structural integrity.
• Purpose: Limit extremes of flexion and
extension in knee
• Medial Meniscus – more of a crescent
shape, wider posteriorly than
anteriorly
• Lateral Meniscus – more of a “c” shape
ROM
• Flexion & Extension
• Internal & External Rotation (from the hip)
Knee Joint
The End…