Download Unit 2 vocab and some definitions

Unit 2 Vocabulary
Solid, liquid, gas, plasma, pressure, volume, temperature, intermolecular forces, atoms,
lightening, neon, auroras, melting point, boiling point, heating curve, heating curve graph,
average kinetic energy, The Kinetic Theory, phase change, freezing point, condensation,
vaporization
The average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance is determined by the temperature
of the medium, using the equation for an ideal gas. If the temperature is unknown, then the
average speed and mass of the particles are utilized to determine the average kinetic energy.
Plasma-an ionized gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons in proportions resulting in more or
less no overall electric charge, typically at low pressures (as in the upper atmosphere and in fluorescent
lamps) or at very high temperatures (as in stars and nuclear fusion reactors)
Volume-the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container,
especially when great:
Intermolecular forces-forces of attraction or repulsion which act between neighboring particles (atoms,
molecules, or ions). They are weak compared to the intramolecular forces, the forces which keep a
molecule together. For example the covalent bond, involving the sharing of electron pairs between
atoms is much stronger than the forces present between the neighboring molecules.
Lightening-the occurrence of a natural electrical discharge of very short duration and high voltage
between a cloud and the ground or within a cloud, accompanied by a bright flash and typically also
thunder:
1. Neon-1 : a colorless odorless mostly inert gaseous element that is found in minute
amounts in air and is used in electric lamps — see element table
2. 2 a : a discharge lamp in which the gas contains a large proportion of neon b : a sign
composed of such lamps c : the illumination provided by such lamps or signs
Auroras-a luminous phenomenon that consists of streamers or arches of light appearing in the upper
atmosphere of a planet's magnetic polar regions and is caused by the emission of light from atoms
excited by electrons accelerated along the planet's magnetic field lines
Heating curve-When the system is heated, energy is transferred into it. In response to the energy it
receives, the system changes, for example by increasing its temperature. A plot of the temperature
versus time is called the heating curve.
Heating curve graph-
Average kinetic energy-Kinetic energy is the energy of motion of particles of a system. Here
particles could be atoms or molecules. In an object, kinetic energy depends on mass (m) and
velocity (v). So the kinetic energy of an object can be written as:
Any of the system consists of many atoms or molecules which are in random motion especially
for gaseous system. The average of kinetic energy of all the molecules gives the average kinetic
energy of the system.
The Kinetic Theory-The kinetic theory describes a gas as a large number of submicroscopic particles
(atoms or molecules), all of which are in constant rapid motion that has randomness arising from their
many collisions with each other and with the walls of the container.