Download With relevant examples explain the terms sender, receiver, message

With relevant examples explain the terms sender, receiver, message,
medium and channel in the communication process.
Introduction
Communication is described as a transaction.
This definition implies that
people have to work together to create a meaning. According to Kaul,A(2005)
“it is a two way process in which there is an exchange and progression of ideas
towards a mutually accepted direction or goal”. In other word as one person
does not handover meaning to another, as though it were a parcel to be
wrapped. Communication is viewed, rather as an ever changing process and is
unending.
This complex process is hard to analyze and communication
researchers like Fielding, Kaul and many more have devised models to help to
analyze the major elements in the process].
In this write up, the author is
going to make an informed attempt to define the terms such as sender,
receiver, message, medium and channel as the elements in the model of
communication.
After having made a clear attempt to explain the terms, a
conclusion is going to be drawn from the linear model of communication.
Mode of Communication
Diagram by Kaul,A(2005:4)
Message
Encoding
Idea
Channel
sender
Perceived Meaning &
Decoding
Internal Response
Receiver
Decoding Feedback
Encoding of
Feedback
Feedback
Response
Sender/Encoder
According to Kaul,A (2005) the sender is the one who initiates the
communication process. From his personal data bank he selects a message,
encodes it, and transmits it to the receiver.
The entire burden of
communication then rests upon the sender or encoder.
Fielding (1993)
supports the idea that the sender initiates a message and has to decide on the
purpose of the message, for example to inform, persuade or instruct.
The
message then has to be encoded in a form that the receiver can understand.
He goes on to explain that in the process a number of factors can come into
play, primary among them being an understanding of the recipient and his
needs. If the message can be formulated in accordance with expectations of the
receiver, the level of acceptance is going to be higher. For example , a
consultant wishes to communicate with the Human Resource Manager of a
company.
personnel.
The objective is to secure consultancy projects on training of
If the consultant wishes the Human resources Manager to
communicate with him, he has to ensure that their goals converge. He has a
tough task ahead of him.
The manager has been interacting with many
consultants, why should he pay heed to the proposal of this particular
consultant?. In a situation such as this, a good strategy to be adopted is to
expand the purview of the proposal and make it company specific. The result
could be highlighted and spelt out in terms of increase in sales. If sufficient
preparation has been done, the message too would be formulated in a manner
conducive to the interest of the Human Resource Manager.
Receiver /decoder
According to fielding (2005) a receiver is the person who has to take delivery of
a message, for example the secretary is the receiver whose job is to understand
exactly and act it as intended by the sender while Kaul(2005) says, the listener
receives an encoded message which he attempts to decode.
This process is
carried on in relation to the work environment and the value perceived in terms
of the work situation. If the goal of the sender is envisioned as similar to his
own, the listener becomes more receptive. The decoding of the message is done
in almost entirely the same terms as were intended by the sender.
In the
example cited above, as soon as the Human Resources Manager realizes that
the proposal of the consultant is going to result in tangible benefits, he
becomes more receptive and his interest in communication is reinforced. The
receiver is the most important, person in the process of communication and
generally communication is composite of speaking listening and speaking and
listening cannot be segregated.
In communication process there are causes and effects which can disturb the
process. These effects are caused by receiver oriented barriers. The barriers
emanating from the side of the receiver are poor retention capability, he would
probably get lost in the course of the proceedings. The receiver has to jot down
points so as to convey the message right.
Inattentive listening is when the
receiver is not interested in what is being said or has other things to
concentrate on.
Most of the barriers that are receiver- oriented are beat
overcome by improving listening skills and learning strategies of giving
feedback.
Message
Kaul (2005) defines message as the encoded idea transmitted by sender. The
formulation of the message is very important, for an incorrect patterning can
turn the receiver hostile or make him lose interest. At this stage the sender
has to be extremely cautious.
What is the order in which he would like to
present his ideas?, Suppose he has 4 pints to make would he (a) move in the
stereotyped manner of presenting them in sequence or (b) would he like to be
innovative and proceed in a creative way?. Probability in high that in case (a)
He might become monotonous and in case (b) he might touch a wrong spot.
How then should be the message be formulated and transimitted?
The ordering as stated earlier, should be based on the requirements of the
listeners so that its significance is immediately grasped.
The minute the
receiver finds his goals codified in the message, he sits up, listens and
responds. The massage thus has made an impact. Dr Appalayya (2007) says
message is the essential content of communication or information intended to
be passed.
The request for convening of the meting is the message, while
nowadays with the advancement of technology, more and more changes are
being brought about in the manner of communicating for example telephones,
cellular, pagers, facsimiles, e-mails. Messages can reach from one corner of
the world to the other almost immediately, however there are certain factors
that need to be kept in mind , the direct communication does not involve any
cost and some other communication can cost you when your message is not
clear. Time is definitely another important factor to be kept in mind while
formulating messages in conveying messages. Strategies should be considered
or planned , so that the sender and receiver may understand each other.
Medium
Kaul(2005) describes medium as an important element of communication. He
says that it could be oral, written or non verbal communication e.g , in oral
communication it is when person to person communicate in an interview
exchanging words and this communication gives immediate response and there
is feedback. Prior to the to the composition of the message, the medium follows
its own set of rules and regulations like oral communication one can afford to
be a little informal, but when using the written mode, all rules of
communication need to be observed. It must be remembered that anything in
writing is a document that would be filed for records or circulated to all
concerned.
Conclusion
Understanding communication process is very critical to the managers of the
originations. They should understood as it should be and in Adult Education.
Communication should be conveyed in a way such that adult should share
ideas, concepts, feelings and emotions as a way that communication is effective
Fielding(2005) says that the distortion of the message can happen at any of the
stages in communication process, such as encoding, decoding ,channel
,message and feedback.
Reference
Fielding ,M(1993) Effective communication in organizations, The Rustica Press,
Ndabeni,Western Cape.