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All-Hazards in Healthcare: How is Alabama Working on Surge Capacity and Other Health Issues? Alabama Department of Public Health March 2011 Take Home Points What are all-hazards? What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Why do we need to plan in Alabama? Public Health Areas (PHA) Each area has an Emergency Preparedness (EP) team What are all-hazards? Natural & Weather Events – Hurricanes, Tropical storms, Tornados, Floods, Heat Waves, Ice Storms, Earthquakes Could lead to difficulties in: Power IT systems Telecommunication Systems Utilities Transportation systems What are all-hazards? Hurricane September 16, 2004 Hurricane Ivan Fatalities in the United States Orange Beach, AL Direct - 17 Indirect - 32 Thousands of homes in Baldwin (PHA 9), Escambia (PHA 9 and FL) and Santa Rosa (FL) counties were damaged or destroyed http://www.gulf-shores-alabama.net/hurricane-ivan-before-after-photos.html What are all-hazards? Hurricane August 29, 2005 Hurricane Katrina Death total 1833 in Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama Two indirect fatalities in Alabama Significant damage in Mobile county (PHA 11) Thousands of evacuees in Alabama (PHA’s 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) Bayou La Batre, Alabama Hurricane Katrina Univ. of Alabama Recreational Center Tuscaloosa, AL (PHA 3) What are all-hazards? Hurricane What are all-hazards? Flooding April 1979 Rooster Bridge on the Tombigbee River (PHA 7) http://www.maxumowners.org/towboat.html What are all-hazards? Tornado March 1, 2007 Enterprise, AL - Coffee County (PHA 10) Path Length was seven miles 9 deaths 50 injuries 8 fatalities in school EF 4 Tornado near Enterprise, AL Photo courtesy of J. Barry Mott http://www.weather.gov/os/assessments/pdfs/AL-GA_tornadoes07.pdf What are all-hazards? Tornado April 8, 1998 31 mile long path of destruction in Jefferson (PHA 4) and St. Clair (PHA 5) Counties 32 people lost their lives in Jefferson and 2 in St. Clair 273 people were injured One of the worst in AL history Destroyed more than 1,100 homes and damaged almost 1,000 more Oak Grove School What are all-hazards? Ice Storms and Snow March 12-13, 1993 U.S. Death total approx. 270 with 48 reported missing at sea 14 deaths in Alabama Thousands isolated in homes 17 inches of snow near Birmingham, AL (PHA 4) with 6 foot drifts Every square inch of the state received measurable snowfall Near Centre, AL (PHA 5) West Oxmoor Road, in Homewood (PHA 4) What are all-hazards? Cold Weather and Water System Failure January 2010 Water Crisis in Clarke (PHA 9) and Wilcox (PHA 7) Counties ADPH Responded by sending two Water Filtration Units CDC Assisted Article regarding the response in Alabama Health at: http://www.adph.org/publications/assets/AHnew_ may2010.pdf Article regarding the response in MMWR at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6006.pdf What are all-hazards? Drought, Wildfire, & Heat Emergencies 2007 ADPH implemented the heat-related illness/fatality module in the Alabama Incident Management System (AIMS) beginning August 15, 2007 for hospital ICP reporting 55 of Alabama’s 67 counties reported heat-related illness (All PHAs) during the two month reporting period Reports of 528 Alabamians treated for heat-related illness 164 admitted to the hospital 17 heat-related deaths reported What are all-hazards? Heat Wave and Mechanical System Failure August 2010 Air Conditioning Failure at USA Medical Center (PHA 11) During Summer Heat Wave (100 degree temperatures) ADPH Supported with Emergency Cooling Equipment Article in Mobile Press Register: http://blog.al.com/live/2010 /08/air_conditioning_breaks_ down_a.html What are all-hazards? Earthquake RECENT SIGNIFICANT ALABAMA EARTHQUAKES Escambia County (PHA 9) October 24, 1997 Fort Payne (PHA 5) Earthquake April 29, 2003 Gulf of Mexico (PHA’s 9 & 11) Earthquake April 29, 2003 Walker County (PHA 1) Earthquake, January 30 2007 Choctaw County (PHA 7), Friday, May 16, 2008 Etowah County (PHA 5) Earthquake, Thursday, May 06, 2010 Magnitude 2.6 Earthquake Walker County What are all-hazards? Radiological Radiological Events Nuclear Power Plant Event, Terrorism: Improvised Nuclear Device, Radiological Dispersal Device/Dirty Bomb Each PHA has an Expanded Radiological Emergency Response Team Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant (PHA 2) http://www.tva.gov/sites/brownsferry.htm Joseph M. Farley Nuclear Plant (PHA 10) http://www.nrc.gov/reactors/operating/licensing/renewal/applications/farley.html What are all-hazards? Chemical CSEPP Emergency management planning zones for the Anniston Army Depot (PHA 4, 5, & 6) http://gis.esri.com/library/userconf/proc00/professional/papers/PA P490/p4904.htm Chemical Events Industrial Chemical Releases, Chemical Plant Explosions, Hazardous Materials Spill or Release, Terrorism Train Derailment (All PHA’s) http://www.epa.gov/region4/brooks_ky/index.html Potential Leakers or … Targets of Opportunity? See the bullet hole in this sign. How long would it take for a driver to realize their train/truck was compromised? What are all-hazards? Chemical Mississauga – November 10, 1979 Mississauga, Ontario, Canada 229,000 people evacuated 106 car freight train carrying explosive and poisonous chemicals What are all-hazards? Could this happen in Alabama? Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill 2010 (PHA 9 & 11) What are all-hazards? Could this happen in Alabama? Train Derailment September 22, 1993 14 miles north of Mobile, Alabama (PHA 11) Amtrak train Tugboat bumped into the Big Bayou Canot Bridge knocking the track out of alignment 42 passengers and 5 crew members lost their lives http://www.trainweb.org/vangab/bigbayou.htm What are all-hazards? Could this happen in Alabama? Train Derailment Wednesday, May 2, 2007 Pennington, Alabama (Near Demopolis, PHA 7) Carrying segments of the space shuttle’s solid rocket boosters Derailed after a bridge collapsed Six people were reported injured http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=1172564 Chemical: International Terrorism Sarin Gas Matsumoto Approximately 280 injured 7 dead Tokyo 12 dead Approximately 1,000 hospitalized 5,500 sought medical care 10% of first responders injured What are all-hazards? Biological: What is a Pandemic? No one has immunity to virus Virus transmits easily person-toperson Virus causes large increases in illness and deaths Emergency hospital during 1918 influenza epidemic, Camp Funston, Kansas. Image: National Museum of Health and Medicine, USA What are all-hazards? Biological: 1918 Pandemic in Alabama 9/28/1918 – 1st AL case was in Huntsville (PHA 2) 10/05/1918 – > 1100 cases in Huntsville 10/07/1918 – Governor called for “closing of schools, churches, theatres and picture shows….” 10/13/1918 – 2367 cases at Camp Sheridan (outside Montgomery) (PHA 8) 10/13/1918 - All physicians, druggists and prescription clerks in Huntsville, except one, ill with influenza 10/15/1918 - Huntsville: Business demoralized; Postal Service crippled; Alabama Power having difficulty finding employees; Business ordered to curtail hours of operation 10/22/1918 - 12,000 cases reported in Montgomery The Montgomery Advertiser, 1918 What are all-hazards? H1N1 in Alabama 2009 - 2010 Influenza Like-Illness (ILI) Reported as of 04/11 – 04/17/2010 3.1% of doctor’s office visits, data from ADPH ILI Surveillance Network. High was 11.7% the week of 10/10/09 4.9% of emergency rooms visits, data from AL Incident Management System (AIMS). High was 20.3% the week of 9/12/09 1.6% of hospital admissions, data from AIMS. High was 4.5% the week of 9/05/09 52 Influenza-associated deaths What are all-hazards? Biological: Category A Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) Clostridium botulinum toxin (Botulism) Yersinia pestis (plague) Variola major (smallpox) Francisella tularensis (tularemia) Viral hemmorrhagic fevers (filoviruses [e.g., Ebola, Marburg] and arenaviruses [e.g., Lassa, Machupo]) Plague Tularemia Smallpox What are all-hazards? Biological: Anthrax 2001 22 confirmed cases 11 cutaneous (skin) 11 inhalation (5 fatalities) Approximately 3.75 million antibiotic tablets in 10 different states and the District of Columbia What are all-hazards? Biological: Anthrax 2001 Laboratory Response Network tested over 120,000 samples in the U.S. Laboratories across the nation were overwhelmed As a result - Threat has to be deemed credible before the state lab will test http://www.defensetech.org/archives/2006_09.html What are all-hazards? Biological: Category B Coxiella burnetti (Q fever) Brucella species (brucellosis) Burkholderia mallei (glanders) Alphaviruses (e.g. equine encephalomyelitis) Ricin toxin Staph. Eneterotoxin B Salmonella sp. Shigella sp. E. coli 0 157:H7 Vibrio cholerae (Cholera) Cryptosporidium parvum Ricin assassination delivery system Castor bean plant What are all-hazards? Biological: Terrorism in America Salmonella in Oregon 1984 Cultured Salmonella by cult members Contaminated salad bars To keep voters from polls 751 cases of Salmonella (no deaths) Most of the contaminated restaurants never recovered Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh What are all-hazards? Biological: Category C Emerging pathogens Could be engineered for mass dissemination in the future Nipah virus Hantaviruses Tickborne viruses Yellow fever Multi-drug resistant TB West Nile Virus Multi-drug resistant TB What are all-hazards? Biological: Outbreak Hepatitis A – September 2005 39 cases, Aug-Sep 2005 17 cases at 5 restaurants in Alabama (Areas 3, 8, & 11) Over 40 contacts given IG for Hepatitis A 15 cases at 4 restaurants in Florida 2 cases at 1 restaurant in South Carolina 4 cases at 1 restaurant in Tennessee All cases consumed oysters sold by the same shipper CDC invited to assist in multi-state investigation What are all-hazards? Special Events Talladega (PHA 6) http://www.talladegasuperspeedway.c om/fan_info/ Bryant Denny Stadium (PHA 3) http://www.rolltide.com/facilitie s/bryant-denny.html Jordan-Hare Stadium (PHA 8) http://www.aurx.net/jordanhare.html What are all-hazards? Terrorism January 29, 1998 Killed an off-duty police officer Critically injured a nurse Students at UAB both felt and heard the blast Abortion clinic after the bomb, Birmingham, AL (PHA 4) Eric Rudolph What are all-hazards? We can never forget! Terrorism: September 11, 2001 So we need to plan in Alabama, but what are the specific issues to healthcare? What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Develop specific measures and programs for training hospital staff in regard to National Incident Management System (NIMS) and Incident Command Systems (ICS) [TJC Standard EM.01.01.01, EP 7] What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Develop procedures and plans for coordination of exercises between all emergency response and healthcare entities [TJC -Standard EM.03.01.03, EP 117] Develop plans and programs to educate healthcare providers [TJC -Standard EM.02.02.07, EP 7] What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Develop altered hospital triage template protocols that will decompress the emergency departments (ED) [TJC -Standard EM.02.02.11, EP 2] Develop altered standards of care [TJC -Standard EM.02.02.11, EP 2] Develop ventilator and oxygen protocols [TJC -Standard EM.01.01.01, EP 6 & 8; EM.02.01.01, EP 2 & 3; EM.02.02.01, EP10; EM.02.02.03, EP 1-6] What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Identify and address interdependencies of healthcare facilities [TJC -Standards EM.01.01.01, EP 3, 4 & 7; EM.02.02.03, EP 4; EM.02.02.09] Develop templates for Continuity of Operations Plans (COOP) in healthcare facilities (96 hours) [TJC -Standard EM.02.01.01, EP 3] What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Develop an inventory of medical supplies for potential use during emergencies on local and statewide levels [TJC -Standard EM.01.01.01, EP 8; EM.02.01.01, EP 3] Address surge supply issues and develop alternative plans to minimize impact [TJC -Standard EM.01.01.01, EP 8; EM.02.01.01, EP 3] What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? ADPH Mobile Medical Assets Seven Mobile Medical Stations (MMS) ADPH granted funds for the Poarch Band of Creek Indians to purchase three MMS Each supports 50 patients for seven days Total capability – 500 patients for seven days 700 Portable Medical Cots with disposable linens for use in Medical Needs or Comfort Care Centers What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? ADPH Pandemic Resources Stockpiled 1,000,000 surgical masks 400,000 N95 masks 500,000 antiviral treatment courses 200,000 syringes 100,000 biological hazard kits 7,000 body bags 80 ventilators General clinic supplies Medical Stations EP team “go-kits” Lab specimen collection kits SNS and PI federal assets Comfort Care Center supplies for 2,600 adults and 520 children Most resources will be distributed to the counties based on population What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? ADPH Mass Fatality Management Planning Efforts What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Develop alternative/alternate care site protocol templates including pairing hospitals with pre-identified sites [TJC –Standard EM.02.01.01, EP 7] In 1918, patients suffering from a highly contagious flu were sent to camps like this one in Lawrence, Mass. Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/, An Emergency Hospital for Influenza Patients What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Potential Care Sites Mass Care Shelter (MCS) Lead Agencies - Department of Human Resources (DHR) & American Red Cross (ARC) Short Term Housing Frequently in churches or schools Eat, sleep, receive Health Services Considerations for persons with disabilities (PWD) Health Department provides a supportive role for medical issues Tuscaloosa MCS, 2005 (PHA 3) What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Potential Care Sites (Cont.) Medical Needs Shelter (MNS) Formally referred to as a Special Needs Shelter Mild to moderate care for people with certain medical conditions when hospitals are overwhelmed Usually opened for hurricanes ADPH is the lead agency in the MNS Fairhope MNS 2005, (PHA 9) What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Potential Care Sites (Cont.) Comfort Care Centers (CCC) Community supported Comfort measures to people who have no one to care for them and hospital care is not appropriate ADPH will provide start-up supplies Developed for pandemic influenza Could be utilized in other disasters U.S. Army Camp Hospital No. 45, Aix-LesBains, France, Influenza Ward No. 1, 1918 What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Potential Care Sites (Cont.) Alternative/Alternate Care [TJC -Standard EM.02.01.01, EP 7] “The Emergency Operations Plan identifies alternative sites for care, treatment, and services that meet the needs of its patients during emergencies.” Looking down on the floor of the Peter Maravich Assembly Center on the LSU campus in Baton Rouge where acute care patients were treated. Photo courtesy of LSU What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Plan for assistance to support healthcare facilities [Emergency System for Advance Registration of Volunteer Health Professions (ESAR-VHP) & TJC – Standards EM.02.02.01, EP 10; EM.02.02.03, EP 4 & 5] Link medical volunteer resources [ESAR-VHP. TJC EM.02.02.13 & EM.02.02.15] Enhance recruiting efforts [ESAR-VHP. TJC EM.02.02.13 & EM.02.02.15] What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Standardization of required training for volunteers [ESAR-VHP, TJC EM.02.02.13 & EM.02.02.15] Expand communications between volunteers, volunteer agencies, emergency management, public health, and healthcare facilities [ESAR-VHP & TJC – EM.02.02.01, EP 1-17] Develop and offer volunteer training programs [ESAR-VHP , TJC EM.02.02.13 & EM.02.02.15] What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Work with licensure boards to ensure staffing issues are in place prior to a disaster [ESAR-VHP, ADPH, & TJC EM.02.02.13 and EM.02.02.15] Develop procedures and protocols for cross training of non-licensed staff to be utilized in disaster conditions (i.e. non-pharmacy personnel to dispense, students, etc.) [ESAR-VHP, ADPH, & TJC EM.02.02.13 and EM.02.02.15] What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Written pharmaceutical proclamation to activate in an emergency [Alabama Board of Pharmacy and ADPH] Develop an alternative formulary for replacement of essential medications [TJC –EM.01.01.01, EP 8; EM.02.02.03, EP 1, 9, & 10] Develop educational protocols for public to stockpile their own medication What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? A template for antiviral treatment distribution plans for healthcare facility staff was developed in conjunction with AlaHA [TJC – EM.01.01.01, EP 8; EM.02.02.03, EP 1, 9, & 10] Discuss options for potential antiviral shelf-life extension planning What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Healthcare planning for Chempack and Strategic National Stockpile deployment [TJC –Standard EM.02.02.03, EP 1] What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Develop template infection control guidelines and plans [TJC - 2009 National Patient Safety Goals] Develop N95 protocol including identification of methods to increase life span of N95 masks [TJC –EM.01.01.01, EP 8; EM.02.02.03, EP 2, 4 & 5] What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? Assistance in reimbursement of ED/Hospital care in disaster or PI event for economic impact Some hospitals never recovered financially after Hurricane Katrina [TJC -Standard EM.02.01.01, EP 4] Encourage participation of healthcare business staff in planning efforts [TJC –Standard EM.02.01.01, EP 1] There are so many issues, what can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? How do we start? BE READY FOR AN EMERGENCY What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Stay informed on All-Hazards Learn about basic injury and disease prevention Look for current information on emergency preparedness Become familiar with emergency plans Create a family preparedness kit What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? 1. Stay informed. Knowing about the hazards that may strike your community and the risks you face could be lifesaving. Learn about emergency alert systems and weather alerts. What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Participate in your Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) or PI committee Plan and exercise with your PHA EP Team Emergency Operations Center Tuscaloosa (PHA 3) What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Alabama Healthcare Disaster Planning Guide Developed by ADPH Planning Issues Presented by Healthcare Organizations Includes ADPH Resources Contrasts Requirements from TJC, FEMA, & ASPR Table of Contents Links to Resources and Information Kept Updated on the ADPH Website What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? County ESF 8 All-Hazards Assessment Assessment of the County ESF 8/ Medical Emergency Response Provides Mechanism to Address Best Practices & Gaps in County Medical Response Table of Contents Links to Best Practices Data Monitored Quarterly What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Area ESF 8 All-Hazards Assessment Assessment of the Area ESF 8/ Medical Emergency Response 11 ADPH Areas Provides Mechanism to Address Best Practices & Gaps in Regional Medical Response Data Monitored Quarterly What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Utilize AIMS in your facility during emergencies Data Modules Include: Hospitals Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Medical Needs Shelters Nursing Homes Community Health Centers Patient Transfers Data Modules In Progress: Resource/Patient Routing Blood Centers Alternate Care Sites Dialysis Centers Evacuee Shelters (Mass Care) Tool for Public Health and Emergency Management What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? ALERT Internet-based emergency alert notification system Secure System Will replace the Health Alert Network (HAN) for Alabama Notifies first responders and EP team when emergencies occur What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? SHARE Stakeholder Help, Advice and Recommendation Exchange Group email system Currently over 450 subscribers Subject line key Ask the group planning questions Everyone sees the discussion Unsubscribe at anytime Email [email protected] to subscribe What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? 2. Learn about basic injury and disease prevention. You can find information on the Internet, from your health care provider, ADPH and in a variety of other places. What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Year Round Infection Control Measures Wash hands Cover cough and sneeze Stay home when sick Stay away from sick people Practice social distancing Clean and sterilize contaminated surfaces What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Infection Control Facts Sneeze and cough droplets travel at 120 miles per hour Influenza virus lives on hard surfaces for 48 hours Average person touches their face 400 x per day www.adph.org/pandemicflu, Watch the Spots, Cover Your Cough Terri Rebmann, Infectious Disease Specialist, St Louis University, Institute for Bio-Security What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Interim Mask Guidance for Healthcare Settings Surgical masks and respirators with other forms of PPE Always use Standard and Droplet Precautions Use N-95 or higher if: Procedure generates infectious aerosols Resuscitation of a flu patient Direct care for flu patients What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Do 10 Fight the Flu Campaign 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Get Vaccinated Wash Your Hands Cover Your Cough Stay Home with Fever Stockpile Supplies Clean and Disinfect Know Your Office’s Emergency Plan 8. Learn Home Care 9. Call Your Doctor When Symptoms Get Worse 10. Stay Informed What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Employer and Employee Safety What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? 3. Look for the most current information on emergency preparedness. What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? CEP Website EP Teams Map - for county contact information Community Preparedness - includes resources to help communities, families, and individuals develop a plan Healthcare Planning - includes resources to help healthcare organizations plan What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? CEP Website (cont.) Preparedness A-Z - includes a list of preparedness topics Risk Communication's Preparedness Links includes a list of local and national health and emergency links Risk Communication's Preparation and Safety includes preparation tools; What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? CEP Website (cont.) Download the Alabama Department of Public Health's Family Readiness Guide Free Printed Material To order free Emergency Preparedness education materials, please print, complete, and mail or fax back the following form: Faxback Order Form What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Other Websites Centers for Disease Control cdc.gov Federal Emergency Management Agency fema.gov U.S. Department of Homeland Security ready.gov Health and Human Services pandemicflu.gov What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Schedule all-hazards training in your facility Utilize the Learning Content Management System (LCMS) Web-based Central database managing volunteers 24/7 access to training opportunities LCMS – Log in Screen What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? 4. Become familiar with the emergency plans of your community, school, caregivers and workplace. What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Exercise your emergency plan Coordinate healthcare exercises and planning with your community partners New York SNS POD Exercise 2004 What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Organization COOP (It’s not just for chickens) Continuity of Operations Plan Essential services Essential staff Primary and alternate facilities Communication Delegation of authority Order of succession Vital records and databases Health and safety of employees COOP 10 Process Leadership Teamwork Research Complete Submit Educate Communicate Identify Improve Maintain What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Complete the HHS State and Local Checklist for pandemic Healthcare EMS and Non-Emergent (Medical) Transport Organizations Hospitals Medical Offices and Clinics Long-Term Care and Other Residential Facilities Located at: www.pandemicflu.gov What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? 5. Create a family preparedness plan and emergency supply kit. Make sure everyone knows or carries emergency contact names and numbers to help find each other if separated. What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Incorporate personal preparedness with your staff development http://www.safetystore.com/Safetystore-Deluxe-Preparedness-Kit-Ss98080.htm get ready for emergencies Summary Take Home Points What are all-hazards? What are the all-hazards issues facing healthcare? What can I do in my organization to help with planning efforts? Questions? To get involved in your community contact your local county health department To find out more information go to www.adph.org/CEP Alabama Department of Public Health Center for Emergency Preparedness (334) 206-3394