Download Mainframes - University of Connecticut

History of Computing – Mainframes
CSE
3002
Prof. Steven A. Demurjian
Computer Science & Engineering Department
The University of Connecticut
371 Fairfield Way, Box U-255
Storrs, CT 06269-3255
[email protected]
http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~steve
(860) 486–4818 (Office)
(860) 486-3719 (CSE Office)
HoCPeople-1.1
Overview

Review the History of Mainframes

CSE
3002 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer
Overview of Mainframe Computing
 Overall History – Columbus State Excerpted
 Two Talks from IBM’s History
UConn Mainframe Story
 Mr. Paul Desmarais, UITS, UConn
 Mainframes and UITS
HoCPeople-1.2
Wayne Summers:
csc.columbusstate.edu/summers/notes/cs557/3c11/Mainframes.ppt
Mainframes
• Contain about 70% of corporate data from
operations (accounting, payroll, billing,
etc.)
• Often the “database server” in web-enabled
database applications
Mainframes
• Dominated by IBM
• Mainframe competitors build clones
– Called plug-compatible machines
Terminal-Host Communication
• Traditionally, Just a Terminal, Host, and
Transmission Line (Chapter 1)
– Poor response time
– Poor user interface: sending graphics over a
distance is expensive (and lines usually are
slow)
– Inadequate for production workers who use
their terminals hours per day
Mainframe Communication
• User site has multiple terminal users
• 3270 Terminals
– High speeds, some color, some graphics
User
Site
3270 Terminal
csc.columbusstate.edu/summers/notes/cs557/3c11/Mainframes.ppt
Wayne Summers
Mainframe Communication
• Cluster Controller at User Site
– Supports a cluster of terminals and printers
– Provides limited on-screen text editing power
to terminals
• This elimination of text editing work allows the
mainframe to focus on high-value database
chores
Limited
Text Editing
Cluster
Controller
Mainframe Communication
• Cluster Controller at User Site
– Supports a cluster of terminals and printers
– Provides limited on-screen text editing power
to terminals
• This also reduces response time because editing
is done locally
Limited
Text Editing
Cluster
Controller
Mainframe Communication
• Cluster Controller at User Site
– Multiplexes transmissions of multiple terminals
and printers to the central site
• This reduces transmission costs, which are
expensive for higher-speed long-distance links
A A
A
B
AAA B B
B
LongDistance
Line
A
Central
Site
Mainframe Communication
• Transmission Line
– Long-distance lines are expensive per bit sent
– But 3270 terminals need high speeds
– Multiplexes terminal communication onto 56
kbps, 1.544 Mbps or faster line to give high
speed but keep cost reasonable
LongDistance
Line
Central
Site
Mainframe Communication
• Central Site
• Communications Controller
– Handles multiplexing to reduce transmission
cost
– Handles detailed interactions with cluster
controllers, freeing mainframe to deal with
database processing
Communications
Controller
Mainframe Communication
• Mainframe
– Handles high-value database work
– Must be freed of low-value communications
processing work to be economically efficient
Mainframe
Mainframe Communication
• Reducing Response Time
– Text editing work is done locally
– Still delay for heavy database work on mainframe
• Reducing Transmission Costs
– Multiplexing, and
– Cluster controller provides limited local screen
editing, so fewer bits need to be transmitted to and
from the mainframe
Mainframe Communication
• Reducing Work the Mainframe Needs to Do, so
that it can Focus on High-Value Database
Processing
– Cluster controller handles most text-editing chores
freeing mainframe from having to support this work,
and
– Communications controller handles details of
communication with cluster controllers, freeing
mainframe from having to support this work
Application Servers
• NOT Part of Mainframe Communications
– Can act as terminals or cluster controllers
– Transparent to mainframe: no need to do
anything differently on mainframe system
App Server
App Server
IBM
A brief look at IBM mainframe history
24-08-2007
Siva Prasanth Rentala
IGSI, TPO,PUNE.
http://www.slideshare.net
/SivaprasanthRentala/abrief-look-at-ibmmainframehistory?qid=c242286b67a0-40f7-bd37a45fbc91e7c7&v=&b=&fr
om_search=1
© 2005 IBM Corporation
IBM
A brief look at IBM
mainframe history
17
IBM
System 360
18
IBM
System 360
On April 7, 1964 IBM introduced System/360, a family of five increasingly
powerful computers that ran the same operating system and could use
the same44 peripheral devices.
For the first time, companies could run mission-critical applications for
business on a highly secure platform.
In 1969, Apollo 11's successful landing on the moon was supported by
several.
System 360s, Information Management System (IMS) 360 and IBM software.
In 1968, IBM introduced Customer Information Control System (CICS). It
allowed workplace personnel to enter, update, and retrieve data online.
To date, CICS remains one of the industry's most popular transaction
monitors.
19
IBM
System 370
20
IBM
System 370
In the summer of 1970, IBM announced a family of machines with an
enhanced instruction set, called System/370. These machines were
capable of using more than one processor in the same system (initially
two), sharing the memory.
Through the 1970s the machines got bigger and faster, and
multiprocessor
systems became common.
Able to run System/360 programs, thus easing the upgrade burden for
customers, System/370 was also one of the first lines of computers to
include
“virtual memory” technology.
21
IBM
3081 processor complex
22
IBM
Mainframe Introduction and Job Opportunities
people.cs.vt.edu/~depthead/IBM-Z-Systems/zHistory/McNeil.ppt
Marc Smith
IBM System z Channel Enablement
zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51
2005-09-19
© 2005 IBM Corporation
IBM
What is a Mainframe/Who uses them?
 40 years of IBM innovation
 Built from the ground up for business
 Widely used by businesses of all sizes
– Online transaction processing
– Batch
– WebServing
– More…
– Data mining
24
zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51
2005-09-19
IBM
IBM 701 – 1952
1st generation
 The first IBM large-scale electronic computer
manufactured in quantity
 IBM's first commercially available scientific computer
 The first IBM machine in which programs were stored
in an internal, addressable,
electronic memory
 The first of the pioneering
line of IBM 700 series
computers, including the
702, 704, 705 and 709
701
25
zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51
2005-09-19
IBM
IBM 1401 – 1959
2nd generation
 The all-transistorized IBM 1401 Data Processing System
placed the features found in electronic data processing
systems at the disposal of
1402
1401
1403
smaller businesses,
previously limited to the use
of conventional punched
card equipment
 These features included: high
speed card punching and
reading, magnetic tape input
and output, high speed
printing, stored program, and
arithmetic and logical ability
26
zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51
2005-09-19
729
IBM
IBM 7094 – 1962
7094
2nd generation
27
zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51
2005-09-19
IBM
System/360 – Announced April 7, 1964
 IBM decided to implement a wholly new architecture
specifically designed both for data processing and to be
compatible across a wide range of performance levels
 IBM invested $5B to develop a family of five
increasingly powerful computers that run the same
S/360-75
operating systems and can use
the same 44 peripheral devices
with the same architecture
2401
28
zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51
2005-09-19
2311
IBM
System/360 – a child is born
 Hardware
– One main storage, maximum size is 16MB
– One or two Central Processing Units (CPUs)
– One to seven Channels
– Control Units (which connect to Channels)
– Devices (which connect to Control Units)
 Family of operating systems
– Operating System/360 (OS/360)
– Disk Operating System/360 (DOS/360)
– TOS, BPS, …
– ACP
29
zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51
2005-09-19
S/360 Model
65 Console
IBM
System/360 Model 67
 First IBM system with virtual storage capabilities
– S/360 Model 65 with addition of the Dynamic Address
Translation facility
S/360-67
 Operating systems
– Time Sharing System –
The “official” operating system
from IBM Data Systems Division
– Control Program/67 with the
Cambridge Monitor System –
The “unofficial” operating system
from the IBM Cambridge Scientific
Center
“DAT box”
University of Newcastle Upon Tyne
30
zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51
2005-09-19
IBM
System/370 with Virtual Storage –
Announced August 2, 1972
 Compatible upgrade from S/370 with virtual storage
 First multiprocessor
models (158MP, 168MP)
 Family of operating systems 3850
3705
S/370-148
– OS/360  OS/VS
– DOS/360  DOS/VS
– CP/67  VM/370
3505
31
zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51
2005-09-19
3203
3525
3350
3270
IBM
S/370 – the architecture matures
 Virtual storage
– 2KB or 4KB pages of memory
– 64KB or 1MB segment sizes
– Translation of virtual
addresses to real addresses
using Dynamic Address
Translation (DAT) logic
– Segment tables point to page
locations
3033
3031
 Channel architecture
– 256 channels
 CPU changes
– Extended MP support via
CPU address
32
zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51
2005-09-19
IBM
System/390 with Enterprise Systems
Architecture – Announced September 1990
9672-G5
 Evolution of ESA/370
 1994 – S/390 Parallel Transaction Server
– Family of CMOS processors
 1998 – System/390 Generation 5 server – more than 1,000 MIPS
 1999 – System/390 Generation 6 server – copper chip technology
 Common set of peripheral devices
– RAMAC, Enterprise Storage Subsystem disk
– 3590 Magstar tape
 Family of operating systems
33
– MVS/ESA  OS/390
– VSE/ESA
– VM/ESA
– Linux for S/390 (December 1999)
zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51
2005-09-19
ES/9000
IBM
zSeries with z/Architecture –
Announced October 2000
 Evolution of ESA-390
zSeries 900
– 24-bit, 31-bit, and 64-bit addressing
supported concurrently
– z900 – up to 16 processors
– z800 – up to 4 processors
• Linux-only model in January 2002
• General purpose model in February 2002
– Integrated Facility for Linux on z900/z890
 Family of operating systems
– OS/390  z/OS
– VSE/ESA  z/VSE
– VM/ESA  z/VM
– TPF  z/TPF
– Linux for S/390  Linux for zSeries
34
zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51
2005-09-19
IBM
System z9 – Announced July 26, 2005
 IBM System z9 109 (z9-109) delivers excellence in large scale
enterprise computing and is designed and optimized
as the hub of the on demand enterprise
 Built on more than 40 years as an industry-acknowledged
leader and taking that leadership to new levels
– Scalability
– Availability and security
– Balanced system design
– Virtualization technology
 Breaking new ground
– Designed to minimize outages to help
your business stay always on
– Greater scalability and performance to
grow with your business
– Flexibility to enable efficient response
to your business needs
35
zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51
2005-09-19
IBM
z9-109 12-way MCM
 Advanced 95mm x 95mm MCM
– 102 Glass Ceramic layers
– 16 chip sites, 217 capacitors
– 0.545 km of internal wire
 CMOS 10K chip Technology
– PU, SC, SD and MSC chips
– Copper interconnections, 10 copper layers
– 8 PU chips/MCM
• 15.78 mm x 11.84 mm
• 121 million transistors/chip
• L1 cache/PU
– 256 KB I-cache
– 256 KB D-cache
• 0.58 ns Cycle Time
MSC
PU
PU
MSC
PU
SD
SD
PU
– 4 System Data (SD) cache chips/MCM
• 15.66 mm x 15.40mm
• L2 cache per Book
– 660 million transistors/chip
– 40 MB
– One Storage Control (SC) chip
PU
SD
SD
PU
CLK
PU
SC
PU
•
•
•
•
16.41mm x 16.41mm
162 million transistors
L2 cache crosspoint switch
L2 access rings to/from other MCMs
– Two Memory Storage Control (MSC) chips
•
•
•
•
14.31 mm x 14.31 mm
24 million transistors/chip
Memory cards (L3) interface to L2
L2 access to/from MBAs (off MCM)
– One Clock (CLK) chip - CMOS 8S
• Clock and ETR Receiver
36
zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51
2005-09-19
Mainframes at UCONN
Past, Present, and Future
UCONN Mainframe History
IBM 3084
A-side UCONNVM
B-side UCONNVMB/UCONNMVS
TCM – Thermal
Conduction Module
31-bit Addressing
Available
Water Cooled
MVS/370
UCONN Mainframe History
IBM 3090 – SuperComputers
2 Machines –UCONNVM and UCONNVMB/UCONNMVS
The VECTOR facility was an extension of the
central processor’s instruction and execution
elements that allowed the CPU to execute
vector arithmetic and logical operations on
up to 128 sets of operands with a single
instruction
UCONN Mainframe History
IBM ES9000-580
1991
Last UCONN Water Cooled System
Installed January 5, 1991
What the Experts Were Saying
UCONN Mainframe History
UCONNVMB/UCONNMVS
IBM 9672-R63 G5
20 MIP CMOS processors – 6
CMOS=Complimentary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor
Parallel Sysplex is born
Air-cooled
Mission Production MVS System
Until ~ 2004
UCONNVMB/UCONNMVS
Common Mainframe Terms
MIPS – Millions of Instructions Per Second
24-bit Addressing – up to 16MB addressability (MVS/370)
31-bit Addressing – up to 4GB addressability (MVS/XA)
Parallel Sysplex – Multiple mainframe computers tied together via a coupling
facility and sysplex timer
GP – General Purpose processor as opposed to specialty engines
IFL – Integrated Facility for Linux (a specialty engine)
LPAR – Logical partition
OSA – Open Systems Adapter (nic but so much more!)
Channels
Parallel - copper
ESCON – Enterprise Systems Connection
FICON - Fiber Connection
UConn Mainframe Configuration Today
UCONNVM/UCONNVML
2086-A04
SN – E615D
Hardware
Model – 140 ~ 120 MIPS
CP-1
IFL -1
Memory – 24GB
FICON – FICON-E SX (2320)
Qty – 3, 6 channels
ESCON – 16 channels 17 Mbytes/s
OSA – OSA-E 1000BT (1366)
Qty – 4, 8 channels
Software
OS – z/VM 5.4
zLinux – Redhat, Susse
2 LPARs in order to separate out
IFL work – 56 images
CAS, LDAP, ePortfolio, Proxy, Listserv,
Pinnacle, FACOPEROT, Homepages,
NETID, pwsync, securemail, BOWMAN
UCONN 2086-A04 z890
Inside the Box
ESCON Cable
Support Element (2)
UConn Mainframe Configuration Today
UCONNVMB/UCONNMVS
9672 – T16
SN – 10E7D
Hardware
Model – T16 ~ 123 MIPS
CP-1
Memory – 4GB
FICON – NA
ESCON – 48 channels
OSA – OSA FastE – 2 channels
OSA GbE – 1 channel
Parallel – 16 channels 4.5
Mbytes/s
Software
OS – z/OS 1.4
Running under z/VM 3.1
DB2 V7
CICS 1.3
UCONN 9672-T16
Inside the Box
ESCON Cable
Support Element
Blue Cables are Parallel Channel
Cables
3174 Controllers & Consoles
How the Systems Are Logically Configured
Systems Configurations
Operating Systems Schematic
Diagram
Z890(2086-A04)
CMOS 9672 T16
(SN 02-E615D)
(SN 10E7D)
A Side
B Side
UCONNVM (VMPROD)
UCONNVMB
1664 Mb Central / 384 Mb Expanded
2 Gb Central / 2 Gb Expanded
zVM 5.4
zVM 3.1
CMS 24
RSCS 5.4
ACF2 12
ISPF 3.2.0
TCP/IP 5.4
HIDRO 2.7D
RSCS 3.2
ACF2 4.2
UCONNMVS (MVSPROD)
1400 Mb Central / 256 MGb Expanded
z/OS 1.4
DB2 7.0
ACF2 6.5
IOA 6.1.11
HSC 6.0
CICS/TS 1.3
UCONNVML (VMLINUX)
18560 Mb Central / 3136 Mb Expanded
zVM 5.4
CMS 24
TCP/IP 5.4
STK Tape Silo
ESCON Director Configuration
System Configuration
STK 9310 Automated Cartridge Library
STK 9490 Timberline Drives
STK
STK
STK
STK
9490
9490
9490
9490
CA0
CA1
CA2
CA3
9672
9672
9672
9672
T16
T16
T16
T16
CHPID
CHPID
CHPID
CHPID
AF
B3
B7
BB
STK
STK
STK
STK
STK
STK
STK
STK
9490
9490
9490
9490
9490
9490
9490
9490
CA4
CA5
CA6
CA7
CA8
CA9
CAA
CAB
9672
9672
9672
9672
9672
9672
9672
9672
T16
T16
T16
T16
T16
T16
T16
T16
CHPID
CHPID
CHPID
CHPID
CHPID
CHPID
CHPID
CHPID
82
86
8A
8E
99
9D
A6
AA
STK 9840 Drives
STK
STK
STK
STK
STK
STK
9490
9490
9490
9490
9490
9490
CB0
CB1
CB2
CB3
CB4
CB5
STK
STK
STK
STK
9490
9490
9490
9490
CA0
CA1
CA2
CA3
9672 T16 CHPIDs A7, AB, AE, B2, B4, B8, 97
IBM 9032-2 ESCON
Storage Director
z890 CHPIDs 60, 65, 66, 70, 75, 76, 77
Current Workload
Batch Jobs Run 2005 - 2009
12000
10000
Total Jobs
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September October November December
Month
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Batch jobs consist of Genesys, FRS, ID, Data Warehouse, SAM/SIMS
OIR, and SARS
Combined System CPU Utilization Charts
Combined System CPU Utilization Charts
Combined System CPU Utilization Charts
Combined System CPU Utilization Charts
Combined System CPU Utilization Charts
Combined System CPU Utilization Charts
Future Logical Configuration
Systems Configurations
Future Operating Systems
Schematic Diagram
Z10(2098-G02)
(SN 02-E615D)
A Side
UCONNVM (VMPROD)
1664 Mb Central / 384 Mb Expanded
zVM 5.4
CMS 24
RSCS 5.4
ACF2 12
ISPF 3.2.0
TCP/IP 5.4
HIDRO 2.7D
UCONNMVS (MVSPROD)
1400 Mb Central / 256 MGb Expanded
z/OS 1.4
DB2 7.0
ACF2 6.5
IOA 6.1.11
HSC 6.0
CICS/TS 1.3
UCONNVML (VMLINUX)
18560 Mb Central / 3136 Mb Expanded
zVM 5.4
CMS 24
TCP/IP 5.4
UConn Future Mainframe Configuration
UCONNVM/UCONNVML UCONNVMB/UCONNMVS
2098-E10
SN – ?????
Hardware
Model – G02 130 MIPS
CP-2
IFL -1
Up to 10 total processors
Memory – 32GB
FICON – FICON-E4 SX
Qty – 16
ESCON – 32
OSA-E - 6
Software
OS – z/VM 5.4
zLinux – Redhat, SuSe
z/OS 1.7
DB2 v7
CICS 1.3
For a tour of the z10 visit;
http://t1d.www3.software.cacheibm.com/ibmdl/pub/software/info/television/swtv/systemz/demos/ztour/index.html