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Nucleic acid
DNA
Tereza Němcová
Anna Štouračová
DNA
-deoxyribonucleic acid
-biological macromolecule = polymer
-double helix structure – shaped like twisted ladder
-nucleotide
-deoxyribose sugar
-phosphate group
-nitrogen bases
- purines:
-adenine A
-guanine G
- pyrimidines: -thymine T
-cytosine C
Structure of DNA
Function of DNA
-contains the genetic information
-prokaryote: plasmids
*bacteria
Escherichia coli
-eukaryotes: cell nucleus→chromosomes
*plants
*animals
*protist
Fern frond
Sea nettles
*fungi
Paramecium aurelia
Orange saprotrophic fungus
Heredity
children resemble their parents
Gregor Mendel, 1865
Heredity tree
Synthesis
DNA replikace

 DNA transkripc
 e  RNA translace
  protein
synthesis DNA
replication – splitting double strand
protein biosynthesis
transcription - transfer of genetic information
from DNA into RNA
translation – RNA is decoded to produce
a specific polypeptide
The history of DNA
was discovered in the middle 20th century
by Watson and Crick
James Watson
Model DNA built in 1953, currently
on display at the National Science
Museum in London
DNA under electron
microscope
DNA in practice
Genetic fingerprinting
- in crime
- blood, semen, hair, nail, skin, bone etc.
Test of parenthood
- from blood
Vocabulary
Shape – forma, tvar
Ladder – žebřík
Resemble – podobat se
Heredity – dědičnost
Split – rozštěpit
Strand – vlákno
Fingerprinting – (snímat) otisk prstů
Parenthood – rodičovství
Chain – řetězec
Adjacent – sousední
Link – spojovat
Offspring - potomek
Literature
http://cs.wikipedia.org
http://www.wikipedia.org
http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb
THE END