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1 Genetics Lab Introduction: You are a cattle rancher and its calving season. It is time for you to figure out what simple traits (the coins) your cattle inherited. Background: Simply inherited traits are decided by one gene location on the DNA, it is decided from one allele (in this case Heads/Tails) from each of the parents (Bull and Cow). The parents can either give a dominant or recessive Allele. The Genotype of the animal is the actual genetic code of the alleles (heads/tails). The Phenotype of the calf is the appearance of the animal from the genotype. For the dominant trait to show through it only takes one dominant allele (heads) for each calf to have that phenotype. However for the recessive trait to show phenotypically it must have both recessive alleles (tails/tails) Supplies:2 Quarters, 2 Dimes, 2Nickels, a Pencil, and a piece Paper Traits: Quarters: Male (heads, dominant)/ Female (tails, recessive) Dimes: Black (heads, dominant)/ Red (tails, recessive) Nickels: Horned (heads, dominant)/ Polled (tails, recessive) Procedure: flip both coins (quarter quarter, dime dime, nickel nickel ) record the results of both this will give you the genotype of one calf. Then decided the phenotype of the calf (Male/Female, Black/Red, Horned/Polled). Repeat the process until you have done all 5 calves from your herd. 2 Calf tag # Quarter Dime Nickel #1 Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Male / Female Black / Red Horned / Polled Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Male / Female Black / Red Horned / Polled Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Male / Female Black / Red Horned / Polled Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Heads / Tails Male / Female Black / Red Horned / Polled Heads/Tails Heads/Tails Heads/Tails Heads/Tails Heads/Tails Heads/Tails Male/ Female Black / Red Horned / Polled #2 #3 #4 #5 3 1.What percentage of the Population was Male? 2. Did you expect there to be more Males vs. Females? Why? 3. How many Horned cattle did You have? 4. Define Allele. 5. Explain how Genotype and Phenotype are different.
