Download Minerals and Rocks fill

Unit V: Minerals, Rocks &
Resources
What is a mineral?

Mineral:
Meaning that minerals:



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**
Physical Properties of Minerals

Color:
Quartz
• Luster: how a mineral reflects light (shine)
Metallic
Looks like
Metal
vs.
Nonmetallic
Dull,
earthy,
Waxy,
glassy

Streak:

**
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Hardness:
**the hardness is based on a number
between 1 and 10—with 1 being the
softest (talc) and 10 being the hardest
(diamond)


Cleavage or Fracture:

Cleavage:

Fracture:

Density:
Very heavy
for its size = high
density

Chemical Properties:
Acid Fizz
Salty Taste
“Rotten Egg
Smell”
What are minerals made out of?

Elements
Sulfur (Element)
Halite (NaCl)
Why do minerals made from the same
elements exhibit different properties?
**
Carbon Atoms (Diamond)
Carbon Atoms (Graphite)

Silicate Minerals:
(4) Oxygen
Silicon in center
**90% of all
minerals—
most common
What is a Rock?

1.
Igneous Rocks:
→
molten rock can either be magma—below
the surface, or lava—above the surface
Two Igneous Rock Forming Environments
1.
Extrusive (external):
2.
Intrusive (internal):
How are igneous rocks classified?
1.
**
Texture:

Slow Cooling –
Large Crystals

Fast Cooling –
Small Crystals
2.
Color:

Felsic:

Mafic:
2.
Sedimentary Rocks:
Pieces of rocks
Chemical Reaction
Three Types of Sedimentary Rocks
1.
Clastic:
**
Fine—can’t see (clay)
Medium—can see (sand)
Coarse—can see (pebbles)
Shale
Sandstone
Conglomerate
2.
Chemical (crystalline):
Rock Gypsum (chemical)
Rock Salt (evaporation)
3.
Organic (Bioclastic):
**sedimentary rocks
3.
Metamorphic Rocks:
***

There is NO MELTING of the existing rock!
What happens if a
rock melts?
Igneous
Two types of metamorphism:
1.
Contact Metamorphism:
2.
Regional Metamorphism:
Two Classifications of Meta Rocks:
1.
Foliated:
2.
Non-foliated-
Inferences we can make by looking at rocks:
Marine Fossils
Sedimentary / Ocean
Glassy
Igneous / cooled fast
Where do you find the three types of rocks?
1.
Sedimentary:
2.
Igneous:
Granite
Basalt
3.
Metamorphic:

**Intrusive igneous and metamorphic
rocks are exposed due to millions of years
of weathering (breaking down) & erosion
(washing away)
Rock Cycle
**model that shows
how rocks change
Natural Resources

Natural Resources:
Two Types of Resources
1.
Renewable:
2.
Non-renewable:

Alternative Energy Sources: