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Download The Parts of a Sentence: Subjects and Predicates
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The Parts of a Sentence A simple sentence always includes a subject and a predicate, and it expresses a complete thought. . Subject Predicate 1. The subject of a sentence tells who or what the sentence is about. 2. The subject is often a noun or pronoun. The subject can be one or more nouns. A singular subject has one noun and a compound subject has two nouns. The pirates captured the ship and stole its treasure. (singular subjecct) She captured the ship and stole its treasure. (singular subject with pronoun) John and Peter quit their jobs to pursue a life at sea. (compound subject) 3. Usually a subject appears before the verb, but it may be separated by modifiers or prepositional phrases. To determine a subject, ask who or what is the sentence about? The train runs. (Who or what runs? The train.) Pedro, who is late for the train, runs marathons. (Who runs? John.) 4. A subject may have a noun, adjective, or phrase that appears after a linking verb for the purpose of restating or telling about the subject. This is called a complement. Dr. Sawyer will become an outstanding university president. (Dr. Sawyer is the subject; president tells about Dr. Sawyer. Will become is the linking verb. 5. A gerund uses the –ing form of a verb and acts as a noun. Walking is a healthy exercise. 6. An infinitive uses to and a simple verb to function as the subject. To travel by train across Europe has been a long-time dream of mine. 1. The predicate of a sentence tells what the subject is doing, what is being done to the subject, or expresses a state of being. The verb may be singular or compound. The bandits captured the stagecoach. (singular verb) The bandits captured and looted the stagecoach. (compound verb) 2. The verb may represent action, thought, or state of being. The verb may be written in the active or passive voice. Mariella ran the race. (active voice) The race was run by Mariella. (passive voice) Objects 1. In the predicate, an object receives the action of the verb. The object answers the question what? or whom? after the verb. Harriet Tubman helped many poor people. Harriet is the subject. Helped is the verb. Whom or what was helped by Harriet? People. People is the object. 2. An object may be direct or indirect. 3. A direct object is a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that receives the action expressed by the verb. I have read the book. (Read what? The book.) The author researched the time period before writing the book. (Researched what? The time period.) 4. An indirect object names the person to whom or for whom something is done. She gave runaways shelter. (She gave what? Shelter? To whom? Runaways.) Shelter is the direct object. Runaways is the indirect object because it names to whom shelter was given. *In order for a sentence to have an indirect object, it must have a direct object. am is are was were be being been Helping Verbs has do have did had does may might must Linking Verbs am, is, are, was, were being, been smell look taste feel seem appear become (I) am, was (you) are, were (he/she/it) is, was I, me, my, mine you, your, yours he, him, his she her, hers it, its verb: to be (we) are, were (they) are, were Pronouns we, us, our, ours they, them, their, theirs can, could will, would shall, should