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MUTATIONS CHAPTER 13-3 REMEMBER! • A. MUTATION is a change in the genetic material of an organism. • can happen when cells make mistakes in copying DNA or be caused by radiation or chemicals in the enviroment. B. GENE MUTATIONS • change in the DNA’s nucleotides 1. POINT MUTATION • involves the substitution at a single point in the DNA sequence. Example: SUBSTITUTION • changes one base for another • causes Sickle Cell Disease 2. INSERTIONS & DELETIONS - if 1 base is inserted or deleted, the bases are shifted for codons Ex: thefatcatatetherat the fat cat ate the rat • FRAMESHIFT INSERTION thefatcattatetherat the fat cat tat eth era t • FRAMESHIFT DELETION thefatcatatetherat the fat ata tet her at • Substitutions MAY NOT affect the protein (called a silent mutation), but deletions and insertions CAN affect protein (called a nonsense or missense).
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