Download 1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin Wall

Historical Overview of
European Integration
EMMANUEL BRUNET-JAILLY
[email protected]
The European Union – today EU 28
Member States of the
European Union
Candidate countries and
potential candidates
Historical Overview of European Integration
 1945-59 Peaceful Europe/starting






cooperation
1960-69 – Economic growth
1970-79 – A growing community – first enlargement
1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin Wall
1990-99 – Europe without frontiers
2000-09 – Further expansion
2010 – today – A decade of challenges
Six_Member states - 1951
Historical Overview of European Integration
 1945-59 Peaceful Europe/starting
cooperation



The IIWW
Council of Europe/six want to go further
1950 Robert Schuman proposes deeper cooperation
(May 9 Europe Day)
 1951 - Coal and Steel communities
 1957 – expand cooperation in Atomic energy and other
economic sectors – Treaty of Rome creates the Common
Market (European Economic Community) Free
movement of people, goods and services

Historical Overview of European Integration
 1960-69 – Economic growth
 1962 – Common Agriculture Policy – to grow enough
food across the members to be self sufficient
 1963 – Partnership with Africa, Caribbean and Pacific
– links development and human rights
 1968 – Custom duties – world largest trading group
Historical Overview of European Integration
 1945-59 – A peaceful Europe – Starting cooperation
 1960-69 – Economic growth
 1970-79 – A growing community/first




enlargement
1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin Wall
1990-99 – Europe without frontiers
2000-09 – Further expansion
2010 – today – A decade of challenges
9_Member states -1973
Historical Overview of European Integration
 1970-79 – A growing community/first
enlargement




1972 – Single Currency – Le ‘Serpent Monétaire
Européen’ – or European Rate Mechanism (ERM)
(baby euro)
1973 – Denmark, Ireland and UK join-in
1974 European Regional Development Funds
1979 European Parliament directly elected (first panEuropean groups: socialist, conservative, liberal,
greens)
Historical Overview of European Integration
 1945-59 – A peaceful Europe – Starting cooperation
 1960-69 – Economic growth
 1970-79 – A growing community – first enlargement
 1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of
Berlin Wall
 1990-99 – Europe without frontiers
 2000-09 – Further expansion
 2010 – today – A decade of challenges
10_Member states - 1981
12_Member states - 1986
Historical Overview of European Integration
 1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin
Wall






1981 Greece – a new member
1984 – first research and development programs
1986 – Portugal and Spain join-in
1986 – Single European Act –takes-on the weaknesses of
the EEC (Common Market) to further integration: core
institutions are empowered.
1987 – Erasmus policies – 2 million students study away
from home
1989 – fall of Berlin wall – East and West Germany join
Historical Overview of European Integration
 1945-59 – A peaceful Europe – Starting cooperation
 1960-69 – Economic growth
 1970-79 – A growing community – first enlargement
 1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin Wall
 1990-99 – Europe without frontiers
 2000-09 – Further expansion
 2010 – today – A decade of challenges
15_Member states - 1995
Historical Overview of European Integration
 1990-99 – Europe without frontiers
 1992 Treaty of European Union (Maastricht): single
currency (EURO), foreign and security policy, justice
and home affairs. The European Union exists:
Anthem: http://europa.eu/about-eu/basicinformation/symbols/anthem/index_en.htm
 Moto
 Flag

The EU symbols
The motto:
United in diversity
The euro
The European anthem
The European flag
Europe Day, 9 May
Historical Overview of European Integration
 1990-99 – Europe without frontiers
 1993 - Single market: four freedoms: goods, services,
people and money
 1995 – Austria, Finland and Sweden
 1995 – Schengen - no passports
 1997 – New reforms of EU with Amsterdam –
employment and human rights
 1999 – the Euro is introduced
Historical Overview of European Integration
 1945-59 – A peaceful Europe – Starting cooperation
 1960-69 – Economic growth
 1970-79 – A growing community – first enlargement
 1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin Wall
 1990-99 – Europe without frontiers
 2000-09 – Further expansion
 2010 – today – A decade of challenges
25_Member states - 2004
27_Member states 2007
Historical Overview of European Integration
 2000-09 – Further expansion
 2002 - Euro notes and coins arrive
 2003 - Expansion of EU citizen rights (freedom,
security and justice)
 2004 – eight new countries join-in – EU 25!
 2007 – two additional countries join-in – EU 27!
 2007 – Lisbon treaty – enhances democratic
principles and regroup all treaties – a ‘failed’
constitutional treaty.
 2008 – economic crisis!
Historical Overview of European Integration
 1945-59 – A peaceful Europe – Starting cooperation
 1960-69 – Economic growth
 1970-79 – A growing community – first enlargement
 1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin Wall
 1990-99 – Europe without frontiers
 2000-09 – Further expansion
 2010 – today – A decade of challenges
Historical Overview of European Integration
 2010 – today – A decade of challenges
 2011 – EU adopts Euro Plus Pact / economic
coordination / ability to lend up to 500 billion (Greece
65 billion)
 2013 – Croatia joins-in – EU 28
 2014 – New president Jean Claude Junker and all
commissioners are former elected officials of E
members – first time ever!
 2014 – New commission proposes a 315 billions
growth plan to create 1.3 million jobs
EU population compared with World
Population in millions, 2014
1537
1252
506
316
EU
China
India
127
144
Japan
Russia
United
States
119
Belgium
83
80
76
75
75
74
72
68
67
67
Slovenia
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Portugal
Greece
Lithuania
Estonia
Poland
Hungary
Latvia
Bulgaria
Romania
47
54
61
86
Cyprus
Croatia
87
95
Spain
Malta
98
Italy
106
124
Germany
United Kingdom
125
Denmark
108
126
Ireland
France
127
Sweden
112
127
Netherlands
Finland
129
Austria
Luxembourg
264
GDP per inhabitant in EU
2013 GDP per inhabitant
Index where the average of the 28 EU countries is 100
EU BUDGET 2015
2015 EU budget: €145.3 billion
= 1.02 % of gross national income
Global Europe:
including development aid
6%
Security and citizenship, justice
2%
Sustainable growth –
natural resources:
agriculture, environment
40 %
Other, administration
6%
Smart and inclusive growth:
jobs, competitiveness,
regional development
46 %
2014-2020: €352
billion invested
in infrastructure,
business, policy
environment
Solidarity
in
practice:
the
EU
cohesion
and training of workers for the benefit of poorer regions and citizens
•
Regional fund
•
Social fund
•
Cohesion fund
Less-developed regions: GDP per
capita under 75% of the EU average
Transition regions: GDP per capita
between 75% and 90% of the EU
average
More-developed regions: GDP per
capita over 90% of the EU average
EU investment in Research
Spending on research and development in 2012 (% of GDP)
3.3%
3.0%
2.7%
2.1%
1.8%
EU
EU objective
2020
China
Japan
United States
Federalism or Empire?
Past EU president Barroso talks about what the EU is;
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-I8M1T-GgRU&feature=channel