Download Zelezna Ruda, 25.05.2010

I
Modeling of Reconnection of
Decentralized Power Energy
Sources Using EMTP ATP
Ing. Dušan MEDVEĎ, PhD.
Železná Ruda-Špičák, 25. May 2010
TE
CHN
Department of Electric Power Engineering
FE
I
KO
ŠICE
Z I TA
FACULTY OF ELECTRIC ENGINEERING AND
INFORMATICS
KÁ UNIV
ER
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF KOŠICE
C
Contents
• Theoretical problems of reconnection of
decentralized electric sources in power system
• Choosing of suitable model of power system
for reconnection of decentralized sources
• Simulations of chosen electric sources in
power system model in EMTP-ATP
• Conclusion
Problems of Reconnection of Decentralized
Power Energy Sources to Distribution Grid
Problems of reconnections of wind power plant:
• convention sources must be „on“ and prepared, in the case of wind power plants
outage;
• dependence on actual meteorological situation;
• relatively small power of wind power plants;
• they are not possible to operate when the wind velocity is above 30 m/s or below
3 m/s.
Problems of reconnections of solar power plants:
• convention sources must be „on“ and prepared, in the case of solar power plants
outage;
• problems with the season variations of sunlight (in December is 7-times weaker
than in July);
• difference between night and day is very significant
Problems of reconnections of water power plants:
• they generate electric power only when the water flow is in allowable range;
Review of present possibilities of
computer simulation of power system
at our department
•
•
•
•
•
MATLAB/SIMULINK
EUROSTAG
PSLF
EMTP-ATP
...
EMTP ATP
(Electromagnetic Transient Program)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Generally, there is possible to model the power system network of 250 nodes, 300 linear
branches, 40 switchers, 50 sources, ...
Circuits can be assembled from various electric component of power system:
Components with the lumped parameters R,L,C;
Components with the mutual coupling (transformers, overhead lines, ...);
Morephase transmission lines with lumped or distributed parameters, that can be
frequency-dependent;
Nonlinear components R, L, C;
Switchers with variable switching conditions, that are determined for simulation of
protection relays, spark gaps, diodes, thyristors and other changes of net connection;
Voltage and current sources of various frequencies. Besides of standard mathematical
functions, there is possible to define also sources as function of time;
EMTP ATP
(Electromagnetic Transient Program)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Model of three-phase synchronous engine with rotor, exciting winding, damping winding;
Models of universal motor for simulation of three-phase induction motor, one-phase
alternating motor and direct current motor;
Components of controlling system and sense points.
This program EMTP ATP is not only computational. Because of better representation of
results and simplifying of inputting data, this program has spread with another subprograms as follows:
ATPDraw – graphical preprocessor;
PCPLot , PlotXY, GTPPLot – graphical exporting of ATP;
Programmer‘s File Editor (PFE) – text editor for creating and editing of output files;
ATP Control Center – program that concentrate all controlling sub-programs into one
general controlling window.
Scheme of electric power network for
simulations
Scheme of electric power network for
simulations in EMTP-ATP
Parameters of power system
• Parameters setting of sources of power system
Parameters of power system
• Parameters setting of overhead lines of power
system
Parameters of power system
• Parameters setting of transformers of power
system
Sources reconnection
• There were reconnected various sources in different locations of power system
• First source was connected from the beginning of simulation, the second one was
connected in 0,5 s and the third one in 1 s
• All parameters of components in power system were inserted as card data of given
components
• Consequently, there were changed voltages and powers of connected sources
• The measured data (voltages, currents, ...) were recorded and evaluated in various
nodes of network
• The maximal possible connected power were calculated and tested with permitted
difference of voltages (quality of voltages must agree with conditions of ± 2 %
from nominal voltage in grid)
• The result were evaluated for phase L1 (A), because the loads were almost
symmetrical
Sources reconnection
Simulation of reconnection of two sources with the same values and the
maximal voltage of 326 V
Sources reconnection
Voltage arising with sequential sources reconnecting
Sources reconnection
Simulation of reconnection of two sources with the same values and the
maximal voltage of 400 V
Sources reconnection
Voltage deviation in the node, closest to third source
Sources reconnection
Voltage deviation in the node, closest to the third source (detail)
Sources reconnection
Simulation of reconnection of two sources with the same values and the
maximal voltage of 385 V
Sources reconnection
Simulation of reconnection of two sources with the various parameters and
the maximal voltage of 391 V (2nd source) and 333 V (3rd source)
Sources reconnection
Power of first source, when it operates alone (0-0,5 s), with the second one
(0,5-1 s) and consequently with third one (1-2 s)
Sources reconnection
Power of second source, when it operates with first one (0-0,5 s), and with the
third one (1-2 s)
Sources reconnection
Power of third source, when it operates with first and third one (1-2 s)
Sources reconnection
Maximal voltages, that are possible to reach with the respecting of ± 2 % voltage
variation in every node:
Source 1: Um1 = 89815 V
Source 2: Um2 = 391 V
Source 3: Um3 = 333 V
Maximal immediate power measured in the closest distances from the sources:
Power of source 1 (single) = 2,2643 MW
Power of sources 1 + 2 = 3,5280 MW = 2,2541 MW + 1,2739 MW
Power of sources 1 + 2 + 3 = 3,5653 MW = 2,1458 MW + 1,2621 MW + 0,1574 MW
Simulations of transient phenomena
Complemented scheme for simulation of transient phenomena
M1,M2,M3 – places of failure event; measuring places
V
BCT
11
Y
V
BCT
AGA
5
TR11
LCC
Y
V
BCT
12
Y
V
U1
110kV
TR5
BCT
V
Y
BCT
V
V
LCC
2
BCT
Y
TR0
22 kV
I
M1
AAO V
LCC
0
AA
AB
LCC
LCC
BCT
4
V
13
BCT
Y
15
Y
Y
TR2
00
TR12
AEA
TR13
TR4
AC
AD
LCC
LCC
AE
TR15
V
V
LCC
01
AF
AG
AH
AI
AJ
AK
LCC
LCC
LCC
LCC
LCC
LCC
0k
M3
I
V
BCT
Y
TRnz
M2
1.002 km
LCC
TR1
V
BCT
ADA
1I
V
BCT
14
V
BCT
Y
3
Y
TR14
Y
TR3
AFA
AFB
AFC
AFD
LCC
LCC
LCC
LCC
TR16
V
BCT
10
Y
TR10
BCT
Simulated transient phenomena:
• short-circuits
• load (branch) disconnection
• phase interruption
• atmospheric overvoltage
V
BCT
Y
Y
V
BCT
Y
V
BCT
Y
V
BCT
Y
TR6
TR7
6
TR8
7
TR9
8
V
9
16
17
Three-phase short circuit – overvoltage after
short circuit elimination
Voltage characteristics before short-circuit creation in location M1,
during short circuit and after short circuit, measured in location M1
90
[kV]
56
22
-12
-46
-80
0,040
(file 3fskrat_M1.pl4; x-var t) v:X0080A
0,062
v:X0080B
0,084
v:X0080C
0,106
0,128
[s]
0,150
Three-phase short circuit – measured results
Measured
place
Location M1
Mutual distances [km]
Steady state
Overvoltage after
shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during
short-circuit
U
[V]
U
[V]
ip
[A]
M1
0
17309
88722
6533,5
M2
4,110
16969
69337
203,5
M3
8,121
16701
71948
36,453
Steady state
Overvoltage after
shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during
short-circuit
U
[V]
U
[V]
ip
[A]
Measured
place
Location M2
Mutual distances [km]
M1
-4,110
17309
178560
3813,5
M2
0
16969
182420
3840,9
M3
4,011
16701
172670
36,373
Steady state
Overvoltage after
shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during
short-circuit
U
[V]
U
[V]
ip
[A]
Location M3
Measured
place
Mutual distances [km]
M1
7,466
17309
45529
2453,3
M2
4,011
16969
48449
2432,2
M3
0
16701
57918
2402,8
Two-phase short circuit – overvoltage after short
circuit elimination
Voltage characteristics before short-circuit creation in location M1,
during short circuit and after short circuit, measured in location M1
90
[kV]
60
30
0
-30
-60
-90
0,040
0,062
(f ile 2f skrat_M1.pl4; x-v ar t) v :X0080A
0,084
v :X0080B
0,106
v :X0080C
0,128
[s]
0,150
Two-phase short circuit – measured results
Measured
place
Location M1
Mutual distances [km]
Steady state
Overvoltage after
shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during
short-circuit
U
[V]
U
[V]
ip
[A]
M1
0
17309
86268
3122,3
M2
4,110
16969
71133
197,08
M3
8,121
16701
69032
36,822
Steady state
Overvoltage after
shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during
short-circuit
U
[V]
U
[V]
ip
[A]
Measured
place
Location M2
Mutual distances [km]
M1
-4,110
17309
167630
2536,6
M2
0
16969
178690
2697,5
M3
4,011
16701
163660
36,975
Steady state
Overvoltage after
shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during
short-circuit
U
[V]
U
[V]
ip
[A]
Measured
place
Location M3
Mutual distances [km]
M1
7,466
17309
69409
1881,2
M2
4,011
16969
67746
1854
M3
0
16701
98249
1938
One-phase short circuit – overvoltage after short
circuit elimination
Voltage characteristics before short-circuit creation in location M1,
during short circuit and after short circuit, measured in location M1
80
[kV]
50
20
-10
-40
-70
0,040
0,062
(f ile 1f skrat_M1.pl4; x-v ar t) v :X0081A
0,084
v :X0081B
0,106
v :X0081C
0,128
[s] 0,150
One-phase short circuit – measured results
Measured
place
Location M1
Mutual distances [km]
Steady state
Overvoltage after
shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during
short-circuit
U
[V]
U
[V]
ip
[A]
M1
0
17309
78221
5100,5
M2
4,110
16969
47897
157,81
M3
8,121
16701
55168
36,45
Steady state
Overvoltage after
shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during
short-circuit
U
[V]
U
[V]
ip
[A]
Measured
place
Location M2
Mutual distances [km]
M1
-4,110
17309
129130
2607,7
M2
0
16969
147370
2711,3
M3
4,011
16701
144980
36,43
Steady state
Overvoltage after
shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during
short-circuit
U
[V]
U
[V]
ip
[A]
Measured
place
Location M3
Mutual distances [km]
M1
7,466
17309
55513
1672,5
M2
4,011
16969
59507
1641,2
M3
0
16701
91992
1676,2
Phase interruption
Voltage characteristics during phase interruption in location M1,
measured in location M2
20
[kV]
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
0,09
(file M1.pl4; x-var t) v:M2A
0,11
0,10
v:M2B
v:M2C
0,12
0,13
0,14
[s]
0,15
Phase interruption
Voltage characteristics during phase interruption in location M1,
measured in location M3
20
[kV]
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
0,09
0,10
(f ile M1.pl4; x-v ar t) v :P17A
0,11
v :P17B
v :P17C
0,12
0,13
0,14
[s]
0,15
Load disconnection
Voltage characteristics after disconnection of branch AFA, measured in
location M1
20
[kV]
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
0,09
0,10
(f ile AFA.pl4; x-v ar t) v :X0080A
0,11
v :X0080B
v :X0080C
0,12
0,13
[s]
0,14
Load disconnection
Current characteristics after disconnection of branch AFA, measured in
location M1 200
[A]
150
100
50
0
-50
-100
-150
-200
0,09
0,10
(f ile AFA.pl4; x-v ar t) c:X0080A-M1A
0,11
c:X0080B-M1B
0,12
c:X0080C-M1C
0,13
[s]
0,14
Atmospheric overvoltage
During the direct lightning strike to overhead line pole (HV), it is
considered line impedance Z0=300-500 Ω and lightning current of I =
20 kA, then the theoretical peak voltage magnitude of overvoltage
wave is in the range 3-5 MV.
H
Atmospheric overvoltage
Simulation of direct lightning strike to bus bar 22kV in location M1
6
[MV]
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
0,00
0,03
(f ile M1.pl4; x-v ar t) v :X0002A
0,06
v :X0002B
v :X0002C
0,09
0,12
[s]
0,15
Atmospheric overvoltage – measured results
Measured
place
Location of failure M1
Steady state
Overvoltage
U
[V]
U
[MV]
M1
0
17309
5,304
M2
4,110
16969
4,96
M3
8,121
16701
2,83
Mutual distances
[km]
Location of failure M2
M1
-4,110
17309
2,65
M2
0
16969
4,01
M3
4,011
16701
4,28
Location of failure M3
M1
7,466
17309
5,28
M2
4,011
16969
6,23
M3
0
16701
10,43
Conclusion
• using of EMTP-ATP it is possible to relatively quickly consider
connectivity of new power source (voltage change, short-circuit ratio,
overvoltage, ...);
• there were confirmed theoretical assumptions that the most important
points with the highest quantity change are the closest branches to
connection node, i.e.:
- the highest increasing of voltage magnitude is in the node of source
connection,
- the highest increasing of short-circuit current is in the node of source
connection,
• if there were connected 3 sources, the voltage in the power system was
increased to permitted maximum voltage, and then it is possible to
connect another load to the grid without significant complications,
• the similar procedure can be used for various small power systems
Thank you for your attention