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Chapter 8: DNA & RNA
DNA: deoxyribonucleic
acid
 chromosomes are made of DNA
 Double helix shape
 Made of units called nucleotides
 Three parts of a nucleotide:
 Sugar
 Phosphate
 Base
 Adenine
 Thymine
 Guanine
 Cytosine
DNA double helix
Base Pairing Rule:
 Adenine-Thymine
 A-T
 Cytosine-Guanine
 C-G
DNA Processes:
 Replication - make a copy of
itself
 Protein Synthesis - make a
protein
DNA Replication
 DNA making a copy
of itself
 Steps:
 DNA Unzips
 Complementary
nucleotides bond to
the exposed nitrogen
bases
RNA: Ribonucleic Acid




Shorter than DNA
Only one strand
No helix shape*
Contains the base
uracil (in place of
thymine)
 Therefore uracil
pairs with adenine
RNA base pairing rule
 Cytosine - Guanine
 C-G
 Adenine - Uracil
 A-U
Protein Synthesis
 2 Steps:
 Transcription - copy DNA code
 Translation - DNA code used to make a protein
Transcription : Copying the
DNA Code
 Steps:
1. DNA unzips
2. mRNA nucleotides pair
with complementary
DNA nucleotides
3. mRNA leaves nucleus
& travels to a ribosome
Translation - - build a protein according to
mRNA code
 tRNA (transfer
RNA) brings amino
acids to mRNA and
puts them in proper
order
TAC
CGG
ACC
ATT
DNA triplet
DNA triplet
DNA triplet
DNA triplet
GCC
UGG
UAA
mRNA codon
mRNA codon
mRNA codon
CGG
ACC
AUU
tRNA anticodon
tRNA anticodon
tRNA anticodon
Alanine
Tryptophan
STOP
amino acid
amino acid
AUG
mRNA codon
UAC
tRNA anticodon
Methionine
amino acid
TAC
CGG
ACC
GTT
ATT
DNA triplet
DNA triplet
DNA triplet
DNA triplet
DNA triplet
GCC
UGG
CAA
UAA
mRNA codon
mRNA codon
mRNA codon
mRNA codon
CGG
ACC
GUU
AUU
tRNA anticodon
tRNA anticodon
tRNA anticodon
tRNA anticodon
AUG
mRNA codon
UAC
tRNA anticodon
Methionine
amino acid
Alanine
amino acid
Tryptophan Glutamine
amino acid
amino acid
STOP
TAC
CGG
ACC
GTT
TAT
ATT
DNA triplet
DNA triplet
DNA triplet
DNA triplet
DNA triplet
DNA triplet
AUG
GCC
UGG
CAA
AUA
UAA
mRNA codon
mRNA codon
mRNA codon
mRNA codon
mRNA codon
mRNA codon
UAC
CGG
ACC
GUU
UAU
AUU
tRNA
anticodon
tRNA
anticodon
tRNA
anticodon
tRNA
anticodon
tRNA
anticodon
tRNA
anticodon
Methionine
Alanine
Isoleucine
STOP
amino acid
amino acid
Tryptophan Glutamine
amino acid
amino acid
Amino acid
Worksheet Pt B
Top Diagram Terms: sugar, phosphate, base (use each twice)
Pg 291, 294
Terms for middle diagram:
Sugar
(Pg 291)
(Pg 300)
#1-3, 5
replication
double helix
sugar
Bases
Number of Nucleotide Strands
(1 or 2)
(1 or 2)
hydrogen
base pairing rule
phosphate
transcription
Worksheet Part D
mRNA
cytoplasm
DNA
bases (2)
triplet
ribosome
protein
peptide bond
nucleus
transcription
codon
base pairing rule
amino acid
translation
anticodon
tRNA