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WWII GENERALS AND BATTLES Generals – The United States Dwight D. Eisenhower Omar Bradley Attended West Point Married Mamie Allied commander of North Africa where he defeated Rommel Allied forces commander during the Normandy invasion Became President Graduated from West Point Planned and participated in Normandy invasion Named first chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff George Patton Considered one of the most successful generals in US History Fought in WWI Led the Allies to victory in Sicily Part of the Normandy invasion Died in Germany in 1945 in a car accident Generals – The United States, continued James Doolittle Fought in WWI Led the Doolittle Raid in WWII Was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor Douglas MacArthur Killed 50 and injured 400 in bombing sites in Tokyo Missed primary targets Father, Arthur was a strong military leader Fought in WWI Commanded troops in the Pacific Remained in Japan for six years after the war Was fired by Dwight Eisenhower for his extreme strategy during the Korean War Chester Nimitz Fought in WWI After Pearl Harbor, he was promoted to commander in chief of the Pacific Fleet Generals - Germany Erwin Rommel Hermann Goring Most successful generals Called the “Desert Fox” because he used surprised attacks Successful for a time in North Africa British forces defeated him in Egypt Was sent back to France Tried to overthrow Hitler Drank poison, killing himself in 1944 Served in WWI Commanded Hitler’s Stormtroopers Addicted to pain medication Tried to take power legally from Hitler Was tried an convicted after WWII On the night of his execution, he took poison and died in his cell Adolf Hitler Evil Scared of cats Generals – France, China and Japan Charles de Gaulle French Fought in WWI Captured in WWI Released at the end of the war Fled to England after France’s surrender Arrogant President in 1959 Chaing Kai-shek Chinese Allied powers because of their tense relationship with Japan Hideki Tojo Japanese General during WWII Becomes Prime Minister Tried and executed after the war Battle of the Atlantic September 1939-1945 War’s longest continuous military campaign Goal Germans used U-Boats Unterseeboot Underwater boats or early submarines Germans were very successful until 1941 Stop Allied shipments across the Atlantic to Great Britain and the Soviet Union Americans helped with convoys Royal Air Force (RAF) increased coverage CASUALTIES 100 convoy battles and about 58,000 men died Battle of the Atlantic Map Battle of Britain Summer and fall of 1940 Largest sustained bombing campaign at that time Turning point of WWII BACKGROUND Germany was gaining a lot of land Using surprise air attacks The RAF saved the country from a German ground invasion Because Hitler was not gaining enough momentum, he suspended the Battle of Britain, but did not admit defeat CASUALTIES The German Luftwaffe lost about 1900 aircraft and 2,500 aircrew The RAF lost about 1000 aircraft and 500 aircrew Battle of Britain Map Battle of Coral Sea May 4-8, 1942 Significance: Japanese sought to extend their control by taking all of New Guinea & occupying the Solomon Islands. They hoped this would draw the US Navy’s carriers into battle so they could be destroyed. 3 Japanese fleets left to invade the new area. Result: Allies Japanese Lost: Lexington (carrier); Sims (destroyer); Neosho (oiler) Lost: Shoho (destroyer) Damaged: Shokaku (destroyer), Zuikaku (air group) 543 Killed 1,074 Killed Battle of Coral Sea Map Battle of Midway June 4, 1942 Significance: Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto planned an invasion of Midway Island (a base for attacking Hawaii) to draw the US Pacific Fleet into a battle where he could destroy it. Victory for US Japanese carriers launched 108 planes to attack. US responded with several dive bombers that sunk many of the Japanese ships. 340 American’s Killed 3,057 Japanese Killed Battle of Midway marked the turning point of WWII in the Pacific. Battle of Midway Map Battle of Guadalcanal June 8, 1942-February 9, 1943 Islands of Guadalcanal, Tulagi and the Solomon Islands were targeted in this campaign The goal was to ensure that the Japanese did not have access to Australia and New Zealand There were very important supply lines from the US and Great Britain Allies won this battle and stopped the Japanese from furthering expanding their territory Battle of Guadalcanal Map Battle of Stalingrad July 17, 1942-February 2, 1943 Russians consider this the greatest battle of their war One of the bloodiest battles in history Germany and USSR understood why Stalingrad was important Industrial and transportation center Won by the USSR mainly because Germans were freezing to death and were unable to get help FACTS Germany had to surrender • 1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment was an all female Soviet battalion. All fought and Hitler was humiliated died in battle CASUALTIES • Hitler would not allow retreat and it is why Axis – 850,000 USSR – 1,129,619 he lost this battle • Hitler sent summer uniforms and vodka as supplies to his troops • King George VI honored the Russians by giving a giant sword to Stalingrad Operation Overlord June 6, 1944-August 1944 Commanded by General Eisenhower Allied invasion of France Largest amphibious attack in history Storming the beaches of Normandy nicknamed Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno and Sword Involved a fake army to channel Hitler’s resources to the wrong spot Bad weather delayed the invasion by one day Makes Hitler believe the real attack as at another place in France Turned the tide of the entire war Also known as D-Day Operation Overlord Map Battle of the Bulge (Ardennes Offensive) December 16, 1944-January 25, 1945 German goal was to split the Americans and British line in half Fought in a dense forest in Belgium, France and Luxembourg US had the highest casualties in this battle Weather played a major role in the battle as snow storms made it difficult for Germans to provide air support When weather improved, the Allies used the Air Force to attack the Germans Momentum changed several times, but in the end, the Allies won this battle Battle of the Bulge Map Battle of Iwo Jima February 19, 1945-March 16, 1945 US Marines invaded Iwo Jima after months of bombardment One of the bloodiest battles in Marine history After the battle, Iwo Jima served as an emergency landing site for US Airmen The picture on the right was famously taken at Iwo Jima by Louis Lowery Battle of Iwo Jima Map Battle of Okinawa April 1-June 22, 1945 The island was important to get closer to an invasion in Japan 100,000 civilians were killed in this battle One of the bloodiest battles of the war America declared the island secure on July 2 Battle of Okinawa Map