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SCLERODERMA
Exposure to toxic chemicals has been associated with onset/causation of scleroderma by many
studies and authors,i including but not limited to many solvents.1,ii,iii,iv,v,vi,vii,viii,ix,x,xi,xii,xiii,xiv,xv
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ER Farmer and AF Hood, Pathology of the Skin, 2nd Edition.
R. Burrell, DK Flaherty and LJ Sauers, Toxicology of the Immune System, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York,
NY, 1992.
L Kanerva, P Elsner, JE Wahlberg, HI Maibach, editors Handbook of Occupational Dermatology, Chapter 36
Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, New York, NY, 1965.
Factsheet on Scleroderma by National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal, USDHHS, Bethesda, MD
IL Schaumberg, Guidelines of care for scleroderma and sclerodermoid disorders, J AM Acad Derm 35:
609-614, 1996.
L. Goldman and JC Bennet, editors, Cecil Textbook of Medicine, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 2000.
RM Adams, Occupational Skin Disease, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1999.
RD Brasington and AJ Thorpe, “Systemic sclerosis associated with cutaneous exposure to solvent: case report
and review of the literature”, Arthritis and Rheumatism 34: 631-635, 1991.
L Czirjak et al., “Progressive systemic sclerosis occuring in patients exposed to chemicals”, Int J
Toxicol 26: 374-377, 1987.
L Czirjak et al., “Localized scleroderma after exposure to organic solvents”, Dermatology 189: 399-401, 1994.
A Altomonte et al., “Scleroderma- like disease following occupational exposure to organic solvents”,
Clin Rhermatol 15: 416-417, 1996.
O Ishikawa et al., “Occupational scleroderma: a 17 year follow-up study”, Brit J Dermatol 133: 786-789, 1995.
M Bovenezi et al., “Scleroderm and occupational exposure”, Scand J Work Env Health 21: 289-292, 1995.
W Bottomley et al., “A sclerodermatous syndrome following prolonged occupational exposure to organic
solvents”, Brit J Dermatol 128: 203-206, 1993.
L Kanerva, P Elsner, JE Wahlberg, MI Maibach, editors, Handbook of Occupational Dermatology, Chapter 36,
Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, New York, NY, 1965.