Download Lecture Test 1 2011

LectureTest12011
Biology 315: Lecture Test 1, Spring 2011
Directions: This is a multiple-choice test, so please choose the single, best
answer and mark it on your answer sheet. Please write your lab time at the
top of the answer sheet because we will hand your test back in your lab.
B.
A.
B.
C.
Key 1. Directional terms and planes. Choose the one correct statement.
The spinal cord is ventral to the bodies (centra) of the vertebrae.
The sternocleidomastoid muscles are cranial to the forearms.
The ilium and ischium bones are in the mid-sagittal (median) plane of the
body.
D. The neural tube is ventral to the coelom (in the embryo).
E. The nose is lateral and caudal to the clavicle.
E. Key 2. Scale and dimensions: The diameter of an average cell in the body
is:
A. half a micrometer
B. 1 meter
C. half a millimeter
D. 10 centimeters
E. 10 micrometers
D. Key 3. Tissue preparation for microscopy: Which is NOT a step in preparing
tissue for microscopic study?
A. imbed it in liquid plastic or wax
B. stain it
C. cut it into thin slices, or sections
D. freeze-dry it
E. preserve (fix) it
C.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Key 4. Which of these things is NOT visible by light microscopy (LM)?
the striations in a skeletal muscle cell
collagen fibers in connective tissue
a crista inside a mitochondrion
a human egg cell (oocyte)
a fibroblast
E. Key 5. Organelles: Choose the FALSE match between an organelle and its
function.
A. ribosome: protein assembly.
B. centrosome: anchors the mitotic spindle; and microtubules radiate outward
from it.
C. endoplasmic reticulum: stores calcium ions.
D. intermediate filament: resists tension placed on the cell.
E. mitochondrion: kills bacteria in phagocytosis.
A.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Key 6. Which pair of cells has especially abundant lysosomes?
osteoclast and macrophage
fat cell and osteoblast
smooth and skeletal muscle cells
goblet cell and mast cell
fibroblast and plasma cell
E. Key 7. In cells, what membranous organelle did Dr. Mallatt say looks like
a bent stack of hollow pancakes?
A. mitochondrion
B. rough ER
C. nuclear envelope
D. secretory granule
E. Golgi apparatus
C.
A.
B.
C.
Key 8. Cytoskeleton: Circle the FALSE statement.
Microtubules are parts of centrioles.
Intermediate filaments are in the cytosol.
Actin microfilaments and intermediate filaments are hollow tubes made of
unit membranes.
D. Actin microfilaments occur in all cells, but they are most abundant in
muscle cells, where they are called thin filaments.
E. microtubules and actin microfilaments interact with motor proteins, such
as kinesins and myosin.
D. Key 9. In the cell nucleus, what is the function of extended chromatin
(=euchromatin)?
A. to make the two subunits of ribosomes (because it is the same as the
nucleolus).
B. to contain all the proteins in the chromosomes, whereas condensed
chromatin contains all of the DNA.
C. to hold open the nuclear pores in the nuclear envelope.
D. to allow the nuclear code to be read (transcription).
E. as the cell-skeleton of the nucleus, it gives the nucleus its shape.
E. Key 10. Which one of these is NOT an example of segmentation in the human
body, as we defined segmentation in class?
A. the spinal nerves that attach to the spinal cord (dorsal and ventral
roots)
B. the 12 pairs of costal cartilages
C. the dozens of intervertebral discs in the vertebral column
D. the external intercostal muscles
E. the segments of the respiratory tree, from the nose cavity to the larynx
to the trachea (wind pipe) to the bronchi.
C. Key 11. Which of these features is NOT present in all of the vertebrate
animals?
A. notochord
B. the spinal cord and brain are hollow
C. limbs with digits (fingers and toes)
D. heart in the ventral thorax
E. pharyngeal slits or pouches
A. Key 12. Which medical imaging procedure uses Technetium 99m, as we pointed
out in lecture?
A.PET
B.MRI
C.CT
D.ultrasonography
E.classical X-rays
D. Key 13. Early in week 3 of development, what does NOT happen at the
primitive streak (or primitive node)?
A. the mesoderm forms
B. the notochord forms
C. the endoderm forms
D. the neural tube forms
E. the epiblast migrates in through the streak
B. Key 14. Embryology: Choose the one correct relation between the adult
structure and the embryonic structure giving rise to it.
A. skeletal muscles of the trunk: from endoderm
B. The lumen of the digestive tube derives from the lumen of the yolk sac.
C. epithelium lining the digestive tube: from the notochord
D. skeletal muscles of the limbs: from ectoderm
E. the epidermis: from somatic mesoderm
B. Key 15. In early development, the notochord forms the body axis. What
does that mean?
A. Notochord forms the long bones in the center of the limbs, like the
humerus and tibia.
B. Notochord divides the body into its right and left halves by defining
where the backbone will be located.
C. The notochord becomes the backbone, especially the vertebrae.
D. The notochord becomes the second cervical vertebra, which is named the
axis.
E. Notochord becomes the spinal cord, which has long axons (axon = axis).
D. Key 16. An epithelium that functions in secretion, nutrient absorption, or
pumping ions is most likely to be:
A. stratified squamous
B. simple squamous
C. stratified cuboidal
D. simple columnar
E. stratified columnar
C. Key 17. Sometimes students are confused about exactly what a cell is.
Choose the only cell in this list.
A. capillary
B. ground substance
C. smooth muscle fiber
D. brain
E. lysosome
A.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Key 18. What structures in the core of a cilium cause the cilium to move?
microtubules with dynein
myofibrils
a stack of centrioles
actin filaments with myosin
microvilli
C. Key 19. Cell junctions: The strongest structure for holding cells
together is:
A. zonula occludens (tight junction)
B. gap junction
C. desmosome
D. extracellular matrix of connective tissue
E. basal lamina
B. Key 20. By definition, what does the term compound mean in the name of a
compound gland?
A. a compound gland is a collection of lots of simple glands
B. the duct branches
C. the gland has lots of secretory units
D. same as exocrine gland
E. same as multicellular gland
A. Key 21. Which of these is NOT a part of the extracellular matrix of any
connective tissue?
A. cytosol of fibroblasts
B. calcium phosphate crystals
C. ground substance
D. reticular fibers
E. tissue fluid
B.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Key 22. Tissues: Which of these is NOT a kind of connective tissue?
fat tissue
muscle tissue
bone tissue
scar tissue (we did not talk about scar tissue, but you can figure this
out using logic!)
E. blood tissue
D. Key 23. Cells in loose areolar connective tissue: Choose the correct match
between the cell type and its function.
A. Mast cell: secretes tissue fluid.
B. Fibroblast: stores glycogen.
C. Adipose cell: eats and digests many microbes.
D. Plasma cell: makes antibodies.
E. Macrophage: secretes histamine.
C. Key 24. The main type of tissue in the pubic symphysis and in the meniscus
discs in the knee is:
A. dense irregular connective tissue
B. smooth muscle
C. fibrocartilage
D. stratified squamous epithelium
E. bone tissue
C. Key 25. Circle the one FALSE statement about cartilage.
A. In our skeleton, hyaline cartilage is more abundant than elastic
cartilage.
B. Cartilage is a kind of connective tissue.
C. It contains many capillaries.
D. It has a lot of water in its extracellular matrix.
E. It is a resilient (springy) tissue.
C. Key 26. What cell type in bone tissue both 1) maintains the extracellular
matrix, and 2) senses compression and tension and then signals build-up or
break-down of bone in response to those forces?
A. osteoclast
B. osteoblast
C. osteocyte
D. goblet cell
E. fibroblast in the periosteum
E.
A.
B.
C.
Key 27. Circle the FALSE statement about an osteon (=haversian system).
It functions to resist compression forces, like a weight-bearing pillar.
It has a central canal.
It functions to resist twisting forces that are placed on a bone of the
skeleton.
D. It looks like a rolled-up rug, or a hollow tree trunk with tree rings in
its walls.
E. It occurs only in spongy (trabecular) bone.
A. Key 28. Here are the stages in endochondral bone formation, not listed in
chronological order: 1) Epiphyses start to get bone tissue; 2) Cartilage
calcifies in the diaphysis; 3) Periosteum forms, laying down a bone collar
around the diaphysis; 4) The epiphyseal plates close; 5) Growth occurs at the
epiphyseal plates; 6) The nutrient artery enters the diaphysis and the first
spongy bone forms there (primary center of ossification); 7) The epiphyses
take form, meaning their chondrocytes line up in columns (like stacks of
coins) to promote rapid growth. The correct chronological order of these
stages, from first to last, is:
A. 3,2,6,7,1,5,4
B. 6,2,1,3,4,5,7
C. 1,2,3,6,5,7,4
D. 5,6,7,4,1,3,2
E. 6,3,2,1,4,5,7
B.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Key 29. Which one of these is a membrane bone?
tibia
mandible
pubic bone
twelfth rib
first cervical vertebra (atlas)
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Key 30. Which of these joints is NOT a synovial joint?
hip joint
shoulder joint
temporomandibular joint
suture in the skull
knee joint
E.
A.
B.
C.
Key 31. Choose the WRONG statement.
Muscles that develop from hypomere mostly flex the vertebral column.
Muscles that develop from epimere mostly extend the vertebral column.
Limb muscles that develop from the dorsal muscle mass extend the limbs and
their segments.
D. Both the hamstrings and the brachialis muscle develop from a ventral limbmuscle mass of the embryo.
E. The gastrocnemius muscle develops from the dorsal limb-muscle mass of the
embryo.
A. Key 32. Branchial (pharyngeal-arch) muscles: Circle the correct statement.
A. They include the swallowing and chewing muscles, and the muscles on the
face for facial expression.
C. A specific branchial muscle is the brachialis.
B. They are smooth muscles, because they come from the digestive tube, which
only has smooth muscle.
D. They include the eye muscles and tongue muscles.
E. They develop from splanchnic mesoderm.
D. Key 33. Which of these muscles contracts to raise the pressure in the
abdomen during straining?
A. psoas major
B. quadratus lumborum
C. erector spinae
D. external oblique
E. psoas minor
E.
A.
D.
C.
D.
E.
Key 34. In skeletal muscle, the sarcoplasmic reticulum is located:
outside a muscle fiber but inside the muscle fascicle
in the perimysium outside the muscle fascicle
inside a myofibril, but outside the muscle filaments
inside the muscle filaments
inside a muscle fiber but outside a myofibril
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Key 35. Cardiac muscle cells:
are larger than skeletal muscle cells
branch less than do smooth muscle cells
contract faster than do skeletal muscle cells
are the only muscle cells joined by intercalated discs
are not striated.
E. Key 36. Circle the correct statement about muscle tissue.
A. In a skeletal-muscle cell, an A band contains thin filaments but no thick
filaments.
B. A smooth-muscle cell contains I bands but no A bands.
C. Smooth-muscle cells contain myofibrils.
D. In a skeletal muscle cell, an I band contains both thick and thin
filaments.
E. Smooth-muscle cells are arranged in sheets in the walls of visceral organs
such as the intestine.
A. Key 37. In one lecture, Dr. Mallatt told a story about some soaking-wet
ghost poops. To what thing was he referring?
A. ground substance
B. fat cells
C. secretory granules
D. articular discs of hyaline cartilage
E. a synovial joint with its synovial fluid
E.
he
A.
B.
Key 38. In one lecture, Dr. Mallatt bent and broke a stick. What point was
making?
Osteons resist such bending.
He was demonstrating a kind of bone fracture called a green stick
fracture.
C. Compression force is resisted by compact bone, tension force by spongy
bone.
D. A stick is weaker than a long bone, because the stick is solid in its
center but the bone’s center is hollow.
E. Tension and compression forces cancel each other on the inside so the
strongest, compact bone is confined to the exterior.
C. Key 39. In anatomy, words are important and all the new terms make this
course like learning another language. Using your memory and logic, choose
the WRONG word meaning in the list:
A. “-blast” means forming or generating
B. a spindle, as in a “spindle-shaped cell,” is a long cylinder with a sharp
(tapering) point at each end
C. “ossification” means the fertilized egg divides and differentiates into
different cell types.
D. “synovial” means joint-egg
E. “-cyte” means cell
B. Key 40. In one lecture, Dr. Mallatt told of a “self-defense aerobic class”
and he did a pantomime dance. What was he demonstrating?
A. You can sense your joint capsules stretching and it feels good.
B. The function of a muscle that flexes the thigh.
C. Your articular cartilages are springy cushions that protect your lowerlimb bones.
D. Such exercises, when done regularly over months and months, will realign
the osteons in your bones.
E. Your movements are dependent on your nervous system as well as your
muscles, such as when you run away from danger.