Download Chapter 5

Chapter 5: The Skeletal System
Bones: An Overview







Identify the subdivisions of the skeleton as axial or appendicular.
List at least three functions of the skeletal system.
Name the four main kinds of bones.
Identify the major anatomical areas of a long bone.
Explain the role of bone salts and the organic matrix
in making bone both hard and flexible.
Describe briefly the process of bone formation in the
fetus and summarize the events of bone remodeling throughout life.
Name and describe the various types of fractures.
Axial Skeleton





On a skull or diagram, identify and name the bones of the skull.
Describe how the skull of a newborn infant (or fetus)
differs from that of an adult, and explain the function of fontanels.
Name the parts of a typical vertebra and explain in
general how the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae differ from one another.
Discuss the importance of the intervertebral discs
and spinal curvatures.
Explain how the abnormal spinal curvatures
(scoliosis, lordosis, and kyphosis) differ from one another.
Appendicular Skeleton


Identify on a skeleton or diagram the bones of the
shoulder and pelvic girdles and their attached limbs.
Describe important differences between a male
and female pelvis.
Joints

Name the three major categories of joints and
compare the amount of movement allowed by each.
Developmental Aspects of the Skeleton

Identify some of the causes of bone and joint
problems throughout life.
Chapter 5 - The Skeletal System
I.
BONES: AN OVERVIEW (pp. 116-124)
A.
B.
Functions of the Bones (pp. 116-117)
1.
Support
2.
Protection
3.
Movement
4.
Storage
5.
Blood Cell Formation
Bones of the Human Body
C.
Classification of Bones (p. 117)
D.
Structure of a Long Bone (pp. 118-121)
1.
Gross Anatomy
2.
Microscopic Anatomy
E.
Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling (pp. 121-123)
F.
Bone Fractures (pp. 123-124)
II.
AXIAL SKELETON (pp. 124-138)
A.
Skull (pp. 124-131)
1.
2.
Cranium
a.
Frontal Bone
b.
Parietal Bones
c.
Temporal Bones
i.
External Auditory Meatus
ii. Styloid Process
iii. Zygomatic Process
iv.
Mastoid Process
d.
Occipital Bone
e.
Sphenoid Bone
f.
Ethmoid Bone
Facial Bones
a.
Maxillae
b.
Palatine Bones
c.
Zygomatic Bones
d.
Lacrimal Bones
e.
Nasal Bones
f.
Vomer Bone
g.
Inferior Conchae
h.
Mandible
3.
Paranasal sinuses
4.
The Hyoid Bone
5.
B.
Fetal Skull
Vertebral Column (Spine) (pp. 131-134)
1.
Cervical Vertebrae (atlas, axis, odontoid process
2.
Thoracic Vertebrae
3.
Lumbar Vertebrae
4.
Sacrum
5.
Coccyx
6.
C.
Structure of Typical Vertebrae (body, pedicle, transverse
process, spinous process, lamina, vertebral foramin, superior
articular process, inferior articular process)
Bony Thorax (pp. 134-138)
1.
Sternum (manubrium, body, xyphoid process)
2.
Ribs
a.
True Ribs
b.
False Ribs
c.
Floating Ribs
d.
Costal cartilage
III.
APPENDICULAR SKELETON (pp. 138-145)
A.
Bones of the Shoulder Girdle (p. 138)
1.
Clavical (Collarbones) – sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular
joint.
2.
Scapulae (Shoulder Blades) – spine, acromion process, corocoid
process, glenoid cavity.
B.
Bones of the Upper Limbs (pp. 138-141)
1.
Arm
a.
Humerus – head, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle,
intertubercular groove, deltoid tubercle, capitulum,
trochlea, coronoid fossa, radial fossa, olecrenon fossa,
medial and lateral epicondyle.
2.
Forearm
a.
Radius – head, neck, radial tuberosity
Styloid process.
b.
Ulna – coronoid process, trochlear notch,
Olecrenon process.
3.
Hand
a.
Carpals
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform
Trapezium, trapezoid, capitates, hamate
b.
Metacarpals
c.
Phalanges
C.
Bones of the Pelvic Girdle (pp. 141-143)
1.
Coxal Bones (Hip Bones)
a.
Ilium – iliac crest, ASIS, PSIS,
b.
Ischium
Ischial tuberosity,
acetabulum
c.
D.
Pubis – pubic symphysis
Bones of the Lower Limbs (pp. 143-145)
1.
Thigh
a.
Femur
2.
3.
Leg
a.
Tibia
b.
Fibula
Foot
a.
Tarsals
b.
Metatarsals
c.
Phalanges
IV.
JOINTS (pp. 145, 148-153)
A.
Fibrous Joints (p. 149)
B.
Cartilaginous Joints (p. 149)
C.
D.
Synovial Joints (pp. 149-150)
1.
Articular Cartilage
2.
Fibrous Articular Capsule
3.
Joint Cavity
4.
Reinforcing Ligaments
5.
Bursae
6.
Tendon Sheath
Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape (p. 150)
1.
Plane Joint
2.
Hinge Joint
3.
Pivot Joint
4.
Condyloid Joint
5.
Saddle Joint
6.
E.
Ball-and-Socket Joint
Inflammatory Disorders of Joints (pp. 150-153)
V.
DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE SKELETON (pp. 153-155)