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Bio 4023 How Plants Work: Physiology, Growth and Metabolism MWF 1:00-2:00 pm; Location: Life Sciences 118 (& LS310 on Fridays). 3 credits Instructors: Dr. Barbara Kunkel (Course Master); Monsanto Lab 319; 935-7284; [email protected] Dr. Tom Brutnell, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center; [email protected] Dr. Jan Jaworksi, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center; [email protected] Dr. Toni Kutchan; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center; [email protected] Dr. Sona Pandey; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center; [email protected] Teaching Assistant: Elizabeth Danka, Graduate student, Molecular Cell Biology Program, DBBS; [email protected] Office Hours: B. Kunkel: Mondays 3:00 – 4:00 pm, or by appointment; Office: Monsanto 319 Elizabeth Danka: by appointment Course description This course is designed to introduce students to the fundamentals of how plants grow, metabolize and respond to their environment. Topics to be covered will include the conversion of light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis; source-sink relationships, long-distance transport of carbon and carbon storage; water uptake and transport; physiological responses to a changing environment and the roles of hormone signaling & physiology in regulating these responses, plant-specific metabolic pathways that include targets of herbicides, sources of chemicals for medicinal uses and potential biofuels. The course will consist of lectures and small group discussions of primary research articles. Prerequisites: Bio 2970: Principles of Biology II, Chem 252: Organic Chemistry II; graduate standing, or permission of the instructors. Course requirements, grading and absence policies Students are expected to carefully read assigned readings, including text book chapters, review articles and primary research papers, before class and come prepared to critically discuss these readings. Student performance in the class will be determined as follows: Participation in literature discussions (15 %) Students will be required to write several short critiques (1-2 pages) evaluating original research articles discussed in class (20%) In-class quizzes (~ 5 over the course of the semester; (25%) Group presentation on Challenges in Plant Biology in the 21st Century at end of semester (15%) A final exam (25%) If you are ill and need to miss a discussion session, you will be asked to turn in an expanded critique (4-5 pages) for that week’s assigned reading. Reading We will rely mainly on primary literature and scientific review articles in this course. Links to the articles will be available on the course web site. Some readings will also come from an excellent textbook, “Plant Physiology”, by Taiz and Zeiger, 5th Edition; Published by Sinauer Associates Inc. This is a highly recommended text book, especially for those of you who will continue to take courses or work in areas related to plant biology. A copy of the book is on reserve in Olin library. A suggested supplemental text, which students who are serious about plant biology (e.g. graduate students) should acquire is: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants, by Buchanan, Gruissem and Jones. A copy of this text will also be placed on reserve in the Biology library. Course website: The website for the course is available on Blackboard (https://bb.wustl.edu). BIOLOGY 4023: HOW PLANTS WORK: PHYSIOLOGY, GROWTH AND METABOLISM FALL 2013 Professors: Barbara Kunkel, Tom Brutnell, Sona Pandey, Jan Jaworski, and Toni Kutchan Teaching Assistant: Elizabeth Danka MWF 1:00-2:00 pm; Location: Life Sciences 118 (& LS310 on Fridays) Quiz dates (Q) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Day W Date Aug. 28 Topic Lecturer Reading Course overview. Plant structure & Kunkel T&Z Ch. 1 function; A (midsummer) day in the life of a plant F Aug. 30 First Discussion: Analysis of data figures Discussion M Sep. 2 LABOR DAY Part I: Carbon fixation, allocation & storage W Sep. 4 Photosynthesis I: Chloroplasts, light Kunkel T&Z Ch. 7 harvesting pigments F Sep. 6 Paper Discussion: Chemiosmotic theory Discussion M Sep. 9 Photosynthesis II: Light reactions Brutnell T&Z Ch. 7 W Sep. 11 Photosynthesis III: Carbon fixation Brutnell T&Z Ch. 8 F Sep. 13 Paper Discussion: Photosynthesis Discussion TBA M Sep. 16 (Q) Photosynthesis IV: C4 and CAM plants Kunkel T&Z Ch. 8 W Sep. 18 Use, storage and transport of fixed carbon. Kunkel T&Z Ch. 10 F Sep. 20 Source/sink relationships, energy Discussion partitioning M Sep. 23 "Fatty acid and lipid metabolism Jaworski W Sep. 25 "Fatty acid and lipid metabolism Jaworski F Sep. 27 "Fatty acid and lipid metabolism or paper Jaworski/ discussion. Discussion Part II: Water Relations M Sep. 30 (Q) Water I: Water potential, turgor pressure Kunkel W Oct. 2 Water II: Water uptake, transport, Kunkel transpiration F Oct. 4 Paper Discussion: Water and solute Discussion transport, or water and cell expansion M Oct. 7 Water III: Regulation of guard cells (intro to Pandey ABA and water stress) W Oct. 9 ABA synthesis and signaling (water stress) Pandey F Oct. 11 ABA signaling, stomatal behavior, or Pandey paper Discussion Part III: Growth, Development & Response to the Environment (Hormones & signaling) M Oct. 14 (Q) Overview of Plant Life cycle: Seed Kunkel development, Carbon (Lipid) storage, W Oct. 16 A year in the life of a plant: dealing with the Kunkel seasons, senescence & dormancy F Oct. 18 FALL BREAK M Oct. 21 Plant cell wall: structure, function, synthesis Kunkel W Oct. 23 Tropisms (light, gravity). Introduct. to auxin Kunkel F Oct. 25 Auxin transport- Paper discussion Discussion M26 Oct. 28 (Q) Auxin signaling as paradigm for protein Kunkel or 26 27 W2726Oct. 30 Day Date F Nov. 1 28 29 30 31 M W F M Nov. 4 Nov. 6 Nov. 8 Nov. 11 (Q) 32 W Nov. 13 33 F Nov. 15 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 degradation in hormone signaling Abiotic stress: Drought, ozone, climate Topic Abiotic stress: Developmental response to water stress: Communication with environment Communication with environment Paper discussion: Communication Biotic stress I: Defense against herbivores, JA synthesis and signaling Biotic Stress II: Pathogens & basal defense, intro to Resistance Genes Biotic Stress III: gene for gene resistance Pandey Kunkel Lecturer Discussion Reading Kutchan Kutchan Discussion Kunkel Kunkel Discussion Part IV: Plant Biology in the 21st Century: Climate Change, Feeding the world, Energy, Soil and Water quality M Nov. 18 Bioethanol Kunkel W Nov. 20 Impact of pant lipids on biofuels and Jaworski biomaterials. F Nov. 22 Global change: increasing CO2, temperatures Group Discussion/ Debate: Is there climate change ? Kunkel M Nov. 25 Overview of future challenges for plant Students will biologists, agriculture, society select problem* to research, work in groups to come up with possible solutions W Nov. 27 THANKSGIVING BREAK F Nov. 29 THANKSGIVING BREAK M Dec. 2 Group work on developing solutions W Dec. 4 Student presentations F Dec. 6 Student presentations Dec. 17 Final exam: 1:00- 3:00 pm (Exam Group XXIII) Student Projects: What can plant biologists due to help address these emerging problems? Feeding a growing population: increasing yield Mitigating climate change, developing plants that can tolerate higher [CO2], higher temps Plants that can tolerate drought/salt stress Choosing the best plants for developing nations Increased disease or pest tolerance Increasing productivity while minimizing inputs (water, fertilizers) Groups of students will work as a team to come up with possible scientifically sound, plausible solutions to meet the assigned challenge. They will present to the class on the following: What is the problem/challenge? How did it arise? What aspect of plant biology does this impact? Possible solutions to be addressed by: Plant Biologists Policy Societal changes