Download Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal Cancer
May 2016
Merck
FACT SHEET
CRC symptoms are generally
e
ancers. 1 A
pp
all c
ro
of
xi
1 in 4
PEOPLE
What are the symptoms?
7%
It is the 3rd most common
cancer among men and
the 2nd most common
among women.1
1.36 milli
o
r, accounting
for
yea
ry
9.
ve
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease in which
cancerous cells grow in the colon or rectum,
forming tumors.
ely
at
m
ases of CRC oc
wc
cu
ne
r
Worldwide
n
What is colorectal cancer?
are diagnosed when the disease has
non-specific and may include:2
already metastasized (stage IV)3
Blood/mucus in the stool
Pain or discomfort in the abdomen
Changes in bowel habits such as
diarrhea or constipation
Unexplained weight loss
Feeling of needing the toilet after
having emptied the bowel
Unexplained iron-deficiency anemia
(low number of red blood cells)
Constant tiredness
Risk factors4
AGE
MEDICAL
HISTORY
DIET
OTHER
FACTORS
Metastatic colorectal cancer
Approximately 90% of people
diagnosed with CRC are over
50 years old
Advanced-stage disease
(Stage IV) is known as
metastatic CRC (mCRC),
where the cancer has
spread (metastasized)
beyond the colon or rectum
to other parts of the body,
such as the liver or lungs, via
the bloodstream and lymph
nodes in the colon.2
A personal history of chronic
inflammatory bowel disease (such as
ulcerative colitis or chronic Crohn’s
disease) or a family history of CRC
and colorectal polyps
Primary Tumor
Bloodstream
Cancer Cell
Blood Cell
Metastatic Site
A diet high in red processed meats
Prognosis
Physical inactivity, obesity, smoking
and high alcohol intake
Prognosis worsens as the stage of the disease advances.
In developed countries, patients with mCRC have a
5-year survival rate of approximately 9–13%.5,6
Diagnosis and biomarker testing in mCRC
Patient
presentation
•Patient presents
to GP with
symptoms of
mCRC
•mCRC identified
through routine
screening
Referral
Diagnostic testing2,3
•Patient referred
to specialist,
such as a
gastroenterologist,
for evaluation/
diagnosis
•Colonoscopy
•Biopsy
•Blood test
•Chest X-ray
•Radiological imaging: e.g.
CT scan, MRI, ultrasound
or PET scan
Biomarker
testing7-10
•A biomarker test
is performed at
the time of diagnosis
or prior to 1st line
treatment for mCRC
•It is a simple way of
looking at the genes
in mCRC tumors
and helps to inform
treatment decisions
CT, computerized tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PET, positron emission tomography.
Merck KGaA • Frankfurter Strasse 250
64293 Darmstadt
[email protected]
Treatment
decisions7-10
• B
iomarker
test results help
physicians to select
the most appropriate
treatments for
patients
•Personalizing treatment
according to the tumor
and the individual
can potentially lead
to improved clinical
outcomes for patients
with mCRC
Evofosfamide
Colorectal
Cancer
Clinical Development
May 2016
Merck
FACT SHEET
References
1.
Ferlay J, et al. GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11 [Internet]. Lyon, France:
International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr. Last accessed May 2016.
2. Cancer.net. Guide to colorectal cancer. Available at: http:/www.cancer.net/patient/Cancer+Types/Colorectal+Cancer. Last accessed May 2016.
3. Van Cutsem E, et al. Ann Oncol 2014;25 (Suppl 3):iii1–iii9.
4. American Cancer Society. Colorectal cancer – causes, risk factors and prevention topics. Available at:
http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@epidemiologysurveilance/documents/document/acspc-028312.pdf. Last accessed May 2016.
5. Sanoff H, et al. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(35):5721-5727.
6. National Cancer Institute. SEER Stat Fact Sheets – Colon and Rectum Cancer. Available at: http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/colorect.
html#survival. Last accessed May 2016.
7. Bokemeyer C, et al. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:5s (Suppl; abstr 3505).
8. Stintzing S, et al. Ann Oncol 2014;25 (Suppl 5): LBA11.
9. Van Cutsem E, et al. J Clin Oncol 2015;33(7):692–700.
10. Lenz H, et al. Ann Oncol 2014; 25(Suppl 5):v1–v41.
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Merck KGaA • Frankfurter Strasse 250
64293 Darmstadt
[email protected]
Expiry date: May 2017