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Transcript
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)Bloodborne Pathogen (BBP) standard (29 CFR part 1910.1030) does the following: Lists safeguards to protect workers against the health hazards related to BBPs How does this affect me? Anyone whose job requires exposure to BBPs is required to complete OSHA training As ATCs or ATSs you work in a setting where you will come into contact with blood and/or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM). All of the following are disease causing agents: Viruses Hepatitis, measles, mumps, chickenpox, meningitis, rubella, influenza, etc Bacteria Tetanus, staphylococcus, MRSA, Lyme disease, meningitis, anthrax, etc Fungi Athlete’s foot, ring worm Protozoa Malaria, dysentery Staph infection Rickettsia: Typhus, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Parasitic worms Stomach worms Prions: Mad cow disease Yeasts: Candidiasis Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Many diseases can be spread by coming into contact with another person’s body fluids, but the three diseases of primary concern for this training are: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis C (HCV) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) HIV MRSA is a type of bacteria that is resistant to most of the common forms of antibiotics Most MRSA infections occur in immunosuppressed hospital or nursing home patients MRSA infections that we may see as athletic trainers are called Community Acquired MRSA infections MRSA infections can be life threatening if not treated promptly MRSA can spread rapidly between teammates, healthcare workers, or anyone in contact with the infected person Signs and Symptoms: CA-MRSA most often presents as skin or soft tissue infection such as a boil or abscess Patients frequently recall a “spider bite”. The involved site is red, swollen, and painful and may have pus or other drainage Staph infections also can cause more serious infections, such as blood stream infections or pneumonia, leading to symptoms of shortness of breath, fever, and chills Treatment: Staph skin infections may be treated by incision and drainage Antibiotic treatment if indicated Some skin infections require hospitalization with isolation HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS HIV depletes the immune system by attacking the T-cells Someone may have HIV for 12 years before symptoms surface (Nature Reviews Immunology 2003) No vaccine exists HIV does not survive well outside the body No threat on contracting HIV through casual contact Did you know? Antiretroviral medication now exists that can eradicate HIV from your system if action is taken within 72 hours of an exposure (VL Brashers 2005) 1—1.25 million Americans are chronically infected Symptoms include: jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea , vomiting Once you get it you can’t get rid of it May lead to chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and death Vaccination available since 1982 By law vaccination must be made available at no cost for all at risk employees HBV can survive for at least one week (up to a month) in dried blood Symptoms can occur 1-9 months after exposure Hepatitis C is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States Leading cause of liver transplants No vaccine is available Symptoms include: jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea, vomiting May lead to chronic liver disease and death A liver ravished by HCV All four of the following conditions must be met: A pathogen in present There is enough of the pathogen to cause disease The pathogen passes through the correct entry site A person is susceptible to the pathogen Modes of transmission: Direct: Infected blood or other body fluid from one person enters another person’s body Indirect: a person touches an objects that contains the blood or body fluid of another person Skin tissue, cell cultures Any other bodily fluid Blood Saliva Vomit Urine Semen or vaginal secretions Contact with another person’s blood or bodily fluid that may contain blood Mucous membranes: eyes, mouth, nose Non-intact skin Contaminated sharps/needles Administering first aid Close contact with athletes Needle stick Janitorial or maintenance work Handling of any waste products Handling biohazard waste Use of proper Personal protective equipment (PPE) Treat all blood and bodily fluids as if they are contaminated Proper cleanup and decontamination Disposal of all contaminated material in the proper manner Anything that is used to protect a person from exposure Latex or Nitrile gloves, goggles, CPR mouth barriers, aprons, respirators Always check PPE for defects or tears before using If PPE becomes torn or defective remove and get new Remove PPE before leaving a contaminated area Do not reuse disposable equipment When cleaning up surfaces use Sanizide spray Spray and allow it to stand for ten minutes then wipe up Dispose of all wipes in biohazard containers PPE should be removed and disposed of in biohazard containers Wash hands immediately after removing PPE Use a soft antibacterial soap A hand sanitizer can be used but wash with soap and water as soon as possible. Engineering controls: Work practice controls: Sharps disposal Place sharp items in containers Self-sheathing needles Biohazard bags and labels PPE sharps container at point of use Disinfecting equipment ASAP Wash hands thoroughly Do not re-sheath needles Liquid or semi-liquid blood or other potentially infectious material(OPIM) Contaminated items that would release blood or OPIM when compressed Contaminated sharps Pathological and microbiological waste containing blood or OPIM Labels must include the universal biohazard symbol, and the term “Biohazard” must be attached to: containers of regulated biohazard waste refrigerators or freezers containing blood or OPIM containers used to store, transport, or ship blood or OPIM A specific incident of contact with potentially infectious bodily fluid If there are no infiltrations of mucous membranes or open skin surfaces, it is not considered an occupational exposure Report all accidents involving blood or bodily fluids to the director of the athletic training clinic Post-exposure medical evaluations are offered by the school Wash needlestick injuries, cuts, and exposed skin with soap and water Flush splashes of blood of OPIM to the nose and mouth with water Irrigate eyes with clean water, saline, or sterile irrigants Follow the procedures in the athletic training clinic exposure control plan (see the policies and procedures manual). Confidential medical evaluation Document route of exposure Identify source individual Test source individuals blood (with individual’s consent) Provide results to exposed employee Strongly endorsed by medical communities No evidence of harmful effects Offered to all potentially exposed employees Provided at no cost to employees Medical records include: Hepatitis B vaccination status Post-exposure evaluation and follow-up results Training records include: Training dates Contents of the training Signature of trainer and trainee After completing this training you know more about How exposures occur What causes disease How to control the spread of BBPs What to do if an exposure occurs By following the simple guidelines outlined in this training you will reduce your risk of BBP exposure and disease transmission In order to complete the training please log onto your eclass page for the clinical class you are currently in and complete the quiz Password: 185259