Download Cardiovascular: Respiration

Cardiovascular:
Advanced Physiology and Advanced Physiology smaller course should know:
Resting membrane and equilibrium potential
Generation and propagation of action potential
Anatomy of the heart: atria, ventricles, major arteries and veins, valves
Rhythmic excitation, intrinsic autoregulation of cardiac pumping
ECG/EKG
Cardiac innervation and control by the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system
Cardiac cycle: systole and diastole, relation between left ventricular pressure and volume
Function of cardiac valves
Cardiac output: determinants
Physical characteristics of the systemic circulation (blood vessels): relationship between
pressure and velocity of blood flow
Distribution of blood within the circulatory system
Arteries: blood pressure, pulse pressure, measurement of blood pressure
Regulatory sites of cardiac/circulatory function in brain stem and their role in blood
pressure control
Determinants of blood flow
Advanced Physiology should know:
Regulation of capillary flow
Veins: Interrelationships between pressure and flow, factors that regulate venous return
to the heart
Control of regional blood flow at rest and during exercise
Function of the lymph system
Respiration
Advanced Physiology and Advanced Physiology smaller course should know:
Anatomy of the respiratory passages
Changes in lung dimensions: respiratory muscles, pleural pressure, lung volumes
Dead space and alveolar ventilation
Normoventilation
Compliance
Surfactant
Gas exchange in alveoli: partial pressure, diffusion, factors affecting diffusion
Pulmonary circulation
Gas transport in blood, function of hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
Advanced Physiology should know:
Hypo- and hyperventilation
Regulation of respiration: central and peripheral chemoreceptors
Diving and altitude physiology
Muscle
Advanced Physiology should know:
Skeletal, heart and smooth muscle cell organization, sarcomere
Activation of skeletal muscle: action potential, calcium homeostasis
Regulatory and contractile proteins
Cross bridge cycling
Twitch, summation, tetanus
Force-length relationship
Force-velocity relationship
Muscle energy metabolism
Substrate utilization
Fatigue
Cardiac contraction and smooth muscle contraction