Download Ch 21 Community Ecology

Biology I (H)
Study Guide: CH 21 COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
E. S. Gustafson
NAME:_____________________________ _______
PERIOD: ____
SECTION 21-1: SPECIES INTERACTIONS
PREDATION
Distinguish between the terms predator & prey.
Discuss some ways that natural selection has favored adaptations that aide predators in capturing prey.
Provide some examples.
Discuss some ways that natural selection has favored adaptations that aide prey in avoiding capture by
predators. Provide some examples.
Describe two forms of mimicry? Provide some examples of each.
Batesian mimicry: (Not in text)
Mullerian mimicry: (\Not in text)
What are herbivores?
Explain how plants defend themselves against herbivory? Provide some examples.
PARASITISM
What is parasitism & how does it differ from predation?
Distinguish between the parasite & the host.
1
Distinguish between ectoparasites & endoparasites.
Discuss some adaptations of parasites & hosts.
COMPETITION
What causes competition?
What is meant by the term competitive exclusion?
Explain the phenomenon of character displacement. Provide an example.
Describe resource partitioning.
MUTUALISM AND COMMENSALISM
Compare & contrast the three forms of symbiosis defined by most biologists. (Not in text)
Parasitism –
Commensalism –
Mutualism –
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Describe mutualism (from text) & provide some examples.
Describe commensalism (from text) & provide some examples.
SECTION 21-2: PROPERTIES OF COMMUNITIES
SPECIES RICHNESS AND DIVERSITY
Compare & contrast species richness & species diversity.
Discuss species richness in terms of latitude.
Discuss three reasons why species richness is greater in the tropics than in temperate climates.
How is species richness related to area? What is this called?
Why is species richness greater on larger islands than it is on smaller islands even though both may lie at
the same latitude?
3
Note the illustration above. Rank the four islands A – D according to species richness from greatest (#1)
to least (#4).
Describe an experiment that showed how a species interaction can promote species richness.
Describe the relationship between species richness & community stability.
Which community site in the illustration below has the greatest species richness? _____
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Which community in the table below has the greatest species diversity? ____
SECTION 21-3: SUCCESSION
SUCCESSIONAL CHANGES IN COMMUNITIES
Define succession.
Describe primary succession. Provide examples of primary succession.
Outline a typical flow chart sequence of primary succession.
Describe secondary succession. Provide examples of secondary succession.
Arrange these illustrations in sequential order from 1 to 4.
What is a pioneer species?
THE COMPLEXITY OF SUCCESSION
Describe how a climax community is formed.
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