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7.1: “Avogadro’s Number and Molar Conversions” Day 1 1. Atoms, _________, and molecules are very __________, so even tiny samples have huge numbers of _________________. a. Scientists use the __________ to make counting such large numbers _________________. b. Mole: the _________ unit for ___________; the number of __________ in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. 2. The ______________ is used to count out a given number of particles, whether they are ___________, molecules, formula units, ___________, or electrons. 3. The number of particles in a ________ is called _________________ number. a. Avogadro’s number is _________________________; the number of __________ or molecules in 1.000 ___________. 4. Conversion Factors are Equivalent to _________. a. 6.022 X 1023 particles = ____________________________ b. From this definition, we get 2 conversion factors: 5. Because a ________________ factor is equal to ________, it can multiply any quantity without changing the __________. a. Only the ________ are changed. b. When solving problems, the _________ that you know goes on the _____________ of the fraction. (You’re kicking it out so it needs to be close to your foot at the bottom of the fraction…) 6. You can use Conversion Factors to ______________ from one Unit to Another (Dimensional Analysis) Example #1: How many eggs are there in 5 dozen? Example #2: If you have 548 plain white socks, how many pairs can you make? 7. Changing Moles Particles; Sample Problem A, pg. 228 Find the number of molecules in 2.5 mol of sulfur dioxide, SO2. 1. Start with what you know: 2.5 mol SO2 2. Multiply by conversion factor to change moles 2.5 mol SO2 X 6.022 X 1023 molecules SO2 particles: = 1.5 X 1024 molecules SO2 1 mol SO2 8. Changing Moles Particles; Practice #1 How many particles are there in 2.45 X 10 1. (2 sig figs) -6 mol of nickel (II) selenide, NiSe? Start with what you know: 2. Multiply by conversion factor to change moles 9. Changing Moles particles: Particles; Practice #2 How many atoms are there in 4.3 moles of tungsten, W? 1. Start with what you know: 2. Multiply by conversion factor to change moles atoms: 10. We can go the other way too and change ____________ 11. Changing Particles ____________ Moles; Sample Problem B, pg. 229 A sample contains 3.01 X 1023 molecules of sulfur dioxide, SO2. Determine the amount in moles. 1. Start with what you know: 3.01 X 1023 molecules SO2 2. Multiply by conversion factor to change atoms 3.01 X 1023 molecules SO2 X 1 mol SO2 moles: = 0.500 mole SO2 6.022 X 1023 molecules SO2 12. Changing Particles (3 sig figs) Moles; Practice #1 How many atoms are equivalent to 6.93 X 1023 thallium atoms, Tl? 1. Start with what you know: 2. Multiply by conversion factor to change atoms 13. Changing Particles moles: Moles; Practice #2 How many moles are equivalent to 7.95 X 1024 copper (II) chloride, CuCl2, formula units? 1. Start with what you know: 2. Multiply by conversion factor to change formula units moles: