Download MohamedAbdinurSahalMFKE2013TOC

ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1
2
TITLE
PAGE
DECLARATION
ii
DEDICATION
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
iv
ABSTRACT
v
ABSTRAK
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
LIST OF TABLES
x
LIST OF FIGURES
xi
LIST OF ABRIVIATIONS
xii
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Problem Statement
2
1.3
Project Objectives
3
1.4
Scope of the Project
3
1.5
Thesis Organization
4
1.6
Summary
5
LITERATURE REVIEW
6
2.1
Introduction
6
2.2
Evaluation of Mobile Communication System
6
2.3
Mobility Management In 4G Networks
7
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2.3.1 Motivation for 4G Heterogeneous Networks
7
2.3.2 Mobility Management Classification
8
2.4
Seamless Mobility
9
2.5
Handoff Strategies
9
2.5.1 Handoff Characteristics
9
2.5.2 Handoff Phase
9
2.5.3 Types of Handoff
10
2.6
2.7
3
2.5.3.1
Horizontal Handoff
11
2.5.3.2
Vertical Handoff
11
UMTS
15
2.6.1 Architecture of UMTS Core Network
15
2.6.2 UMTS Access Network
19
2.6.3 UMTS Node B
23
2.6.4 UMTS (WCDMA) Channels
25
2.6.5 Power Control in UMTS
32
2.6.6 UMTS Qos
34
2.6.7 Packet Switch and Circuit Switch Connection
36
WLAN
36
2.7.1
IEEE 802.11 Basics
37
2.7.2
IEEE 802.11 Network Architecture
38
2.7.3
IEEE 802.11 Logical Architecture
39
2.7.4
MAC Frame Format
42
2.7.5
IEEE 802.11 Physical Layer
42
2.8
Previous Works and Results
46
2.9
Summary
50
PROJECT METHODOLOGY
51
3.1
Introduction
51
3.2
Operational Frame Work
51
3.3
Phases of the Work
53
3.4
Project Design Scenario
54
3.4.1 OPNET
54
3.4.2 Network Scenario Architecture
54
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3.5
4
5
3.4.3 Network Functions
56
Summary
59
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
60
4.1
Introduction
60
4.2
Performance Metrics
60
4.3
Summary
66
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
67
5.1
Conclusion
67
5.2
Future Works
68
REFERENCES
69
x
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO.
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Uplink Date Rates
29
2.2
Describes the Features of Different Classes
34
2.3
IEEE 802.11Physical Layer Standard
38
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO.
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Evaluation of Wireless Communication System
7
2.2
Handoff Process
10
2.3
Horizontal Handoff Process
11
2.4
Vertical Handoff Process
12
2.5
Vertical Handoff process between WLAN and UMTS
12
2.6
UMTS/WLAN Vertical Handover
14
2.7
UMTS Architecture
16
2.8
Upward handoff delay in tight coupling
47
2.9
Downward handoff delay in tight coupling
47
2.10
Upward handoff delays in loose coupling
48
2.11
Downward handoff delays in loose coupling
48
2.12
Mean handoff delays
49
3.1
Project Methodology Framework
52
3.2
Open Coupling Scheme
55
3.3
Loose Coupling Scheme
55
3.4
UMTS Parameters
58
3.5
WLAN Parameters
58
4.1
Delay and Throughput
61
4.2
FTP and HTTP Response Time
61
4.3
WLAN Delay
62
4.4
WLAN Throughput
63
4.5
FTP Response Time
63
4.6
HTTP Response Time
64
4.7
FTP Traffic Sent
65
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1G
-
First Generation.
2G
-
Second Generation.
3G
-
Third Generation.
4G
-
Four Generation.
AMPS
-
Advance Mobile Phone Service.
AP
-
Access Point.
BMC
-
Broadcast and Multicast Sub layer.
BS
-
Base Station.
BSS
-
Basic Service Set.
BTS
-
Base Transceiver Station
CA
-
Collision Avoidance.
CDMA
-
Code Division Multiple Access.
CPCH
-
Common Packet Channel
CRC
-
Cyclic Redundancy Check.
CS
-
Circuit Switch.
CSMA
-
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Technique.
DCF
-
Distributed Coordination Function
DCH
-
Dedicated Channel.
DPDCH
-
Dedicated Physical Control Channel.
DS
-
Distributed Service.
DS-CDMA
-
Direct-sequence Code Division Multiple Access
DT
-
Discovery Time.
ESS
-
Extended Service Set.
ESSID
-
Extended Service Set ID
.
FDD
-
Frequency Division Duplex
FDMA
-
Frequency Division Multiple Access.
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GPRS
-
General Packet Radio Service.
GSM
-
Global System for Mobile Communication.
HCC
-
Handover Control Center
HE
-
Handover Execute.
HIPER LAN
-
High Performance Radio Local Area Network.
HSPA
-
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
IBSS
-
Independent Basic Service Set
IR
-
Infra red.
ITU
-
International Telecommunication Union.
MAC
-
Medium Access Control.
MD
-
Mobile Download
MN
-
Mobile Node
NIC
-
Network Interface Card.
OFDM
-
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OFDMA
-
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
OSI
-
Open System Interconnect.
PC
-
Power Consumption.
PCF
-
Point Coordination Function.
PDCP
-
Packet Data Convergence Protocol
PE
-
Power Emission
PSTN
-
Public Service Telephone Network
PS
-
Packet Switch
QOS
-
Quality of Service.
RLC
-
Radio Link Control
RNC
-
Radio Network Controller.
RNSP
-
Radio Network Subsystem Application Part
RRC
-
Radio Resource Control
RSS
-
Relative Signal Strength.
SM
-
System Monitor
SH
-
Substantial Security Holder
UE
-
User Equipment.
UMTS
-
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.
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UPCH
-
Uplink Packet Channel
USCH
-
Uplink Shared Channel
USHA
-
Universal Seamless Handover Architecture.
UTRAN
-
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network.
WAP
-
Wireless Access Point
WEP
-
Wired Encryption Protocol.
WIFI
-
Wireless Fidelity