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Transcript 
ž Vocab
Review
›  Deformation
›  Stress
›  Strain
›  Anticline
›  Syncline
›  Monocline
›  Normal Fault
›  Reverse Fault
›  Thrust Fault
›  Strike-Slip Fault
Questions 1-7, & 13
ž  Every
rock, no matter how strong will
have a point when it will bend or break
›  Most crustal deformation occurs along plate
margins.
›  When rocks are under greater stresses than
their own strength, they begin to deform.
–  Usually by folding, flowing or fracturing.
ž 
Factors that influence the
strength of a rock and how
often it will deform include
›  Temperature and Pressure
›  Rock Type
›  Time
ž 
ž 
Rocks near the surface crack
or go through Brittle
Deformation (low temp and
pressure)
Rocks deeper, under higher
temp and pressure will go
through Ductile Deformation
(Like Wax or play-doh)
ž  List
the 3 types of stresses & Faults
ž  The
three types of stresses that rocks
commonly undergo are
›  Tensional Stress – Normal Fault
›  Compression Stress – Reverse/Thrust Fault
›  Shear Stress – Strike Slip Fault
ž  How
are mountains classified?
›  By the dominant process that formed them.
ž  Folded
Mountains
›  Compressional stresses are the major force
that forms folds or bending of rock called
Folded mountains.
›  Created by reverse faults.
ž  Large
scale normal faults are associated
with structures called Fault-Block
mountains – Tensional stress
ž  Multiple normal faults creating mountain
ranges.
ž  Ex: Sierra Nevada Mtns
›  Took 5-10 million years
ž  Most
mountains occur at convergent
boundaries
›  Colliding plates provide compressional
forces that fold thick layers of sediments at
the edge of landmasses
ž  Volcanic
Mountains at Ocean – Ocean
Boundaries
ž  Volcanic and Folded mountains at OceanContinental Boundaries
ž  Folded
Mountains are found at
Continental-Continental Boundaries
ž  Divergent
boundaries create fault-block
type mountains
ž  Describe
ž  The
the Concept of Isostasy
concept of a floating crust in
gravitational balance is called Isostasy
ž  When it changes it is called Isostatic
Adjustment
ž  Because
of isostasy, deformed and
thickened crust will undergo regional
uplift both during mountain building and
for a long period afterward.
›  As it grows it sinks, and as it erodes it rises
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