Download Preface Introducing the reed warblers 3 Habitat characteristics

Preface
Introducing the reed warblers
i
8
to
reed warblers
Camargue, France
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16
Hortobágy, Hungary
16
Lake Victoria and Mount Elgon, Uganda
17
Cousin island, Seychelles
17
Bandar Abbas and adjacent coast, southern Iran
18
Novosibirsk, western Siberia, Russia
19
Khao Sam Rot Yot,Thailand
20
Henderson Island, Polynesia
20
2 A factual journey round the book's chapters
Systematics - relationships and
diversification in the family of
acrocephaiid warblers
20
2 What are acrocephaiid warblers?
30
Characterization and boundaries osa uniform family
3 Characterization of the family's genera and
clades
30
35
35
Mesillas (brush warblers)
37
Calamonastides (Papyrus Yellow Warblers)
37
Phragamaticola aedon (Thick-billed Warblers)
37
Iduna species (bush and scrub warblers)
39
Hippolais species (tree warblers)
39
Acrocephalus warblers (reed warblers)
57
Mangroves
62
2 Dry marsh, tali herbaceous, and wet meadow
communities
3 Wetlands in sharper focus for passerines
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63
The varied nature of wetlands
63
The water-depth gradient
65
66
4 Scrub, shrubby, and woodland vegetation
5 Habitats for migration and in winter
2 Habitat and food supply - a comparison of six
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72
73
wetland species
75
Making a living in the centre or on the edge
76
3 The food spectrum
78
Diet specificities and food selection
78
Prey size
79
4 Climbing the ladder of success in vertical
habitat
5 Feeding techniques
80
82
6 Diurnal niches and weather-dependent
strategies
7 Learning the whys and wherefores
84
84
39
Large Acrocephalus warblers
40
Small Acrocephalus warblers
42
4 Species and spéciation
57
Reedswamps and tall aquatic emergents
Foraging, diet, and habitat use
1 M istaken identities and molecular methods
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56
Swamps, wet marshes, and mangroves
1 A variety of'search-and-capture'tactics
26
28
Are acrocephalids truly uniform?
3 Habitat characteristics
1 Wetlands
An imaginary journey round the world's
43
5 Integrated ecomorphology - challenges
88
and solutions
Spéciation - the genesis of reproductive barriers
44
1 The insectivorous reed bed passerine guild
Stages of spéciation and ‘secondary contact'
45
Acrocephalids do it their way in a vertical world
90
47
Juvenile development
92
Hybridizations and hybrid zones
The case of Melodious and 1eterine Warblers
48
Other hybrids
49
5 Origins and distribution of the reed warblers
50
Straddling the reed bed
2 Other forms of locomotion and habitat use
3 Adaptations to migration
4 Measuring diversification in the acrocephalids
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93
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96
99
Competition and coexistence
1 Intraspecific territoriality and densities
104
105
8 Reed warblers reproduced
1 Masterpieces of construction
What is territoriality for?
106
Nest sites
The case of Great Reed Warblers and Sedge Warblers
109
Nest building
Getting together socially
110
Nest characteristics
Habitat structure and population density
in
113
2 Interspecific aggression and territorial overlaps
2 Getting the timing right
3 Reproductive effort
Marshland warblers keep their distance
113
A brief excursion into life history
The case of Great and Eurasian Reed Warblers
114
Clutch size
Singingfrom a different songsheet
114
Seeing it through from incubation to post-fledging
The benefits of getting rid of the competition
Recognizing other species
115
116
Competition and shared parasites
116
1 Diversity of song
Complexity and structure
Tempo and syntax
2 Song and systematic relationships
Dendrogram: a diagram of branches
3 Why do birds sing?
The case of six reed warbler species
4 Sexual selection and honest signals
The example of Sedge and Great Reed Warblers
5 Singing different songs
119
120
121
142
143
144
148
148
149
150
153
Predators
153
154
Nest defence and anti-predator strategies
Inbreeding and dispersal
118
139
140
4 Brood losses
5 Reproductive success-fitness matters
; A song worth warbling
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6 Life span and adult survival
Coping with the Cuckoo’s trickery
1 Brood parasitism by Common Cuckoos
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158
159
160
161
122
2 Acrocephalid hosts and parasitism rates
163
125
3 On the battlefront: before the egg is laid
163
127
4 On the battlefront: an alien egg in the nest
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128
5 How to deal with this strange new chick
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130
The breeding success of Common Cuckoos
169
131
IBB
6 Mounting a varied counter-attack
Cuckoo-related breeding losses by reed warblers
7 Flexibility in a world of change
170
172
173
Habitat and body size
1ЗЗ
Will they hear me from here?
135
Gene flow, immigration, and host tolerance to
Migration, mimicry and more
135
multiple parasitism
173
Habitat structure
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174
Phenotypic plasticity
Combination is the key
A battle of the sexes
1 Breeding systems and resources
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181
The case of six marsh-nesting species...
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„.„„and the case of other acrocephaiids
182
2 Social versus genetic mating systems
Why should females be promiscuous?
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184
Whaťs in extra-pair copulation for females?
184
3 Monogamy
4 Choosing to breed cooperatively
The case of Seychelles Warblers
Extra-pair paternity and the benefits of helping
Benefits for dominant birds and offspring sex ratio
Formation of families and grandparent helpers
Other acrocephaiids
5 Polygyny
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186
187
188
191
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194
What’s in it for females?
194
Whaťs in it for males?
195
Extra-pair paternity
196
Offspring sex ratio
198
Polyterritorial behaviour
198
1 Island species - relatives, distribution, and
colonization history
2 Island habitats
3 Island conditions and phenomena
of niches
5 Communication, breeding biology and further
idiosyncracies
6 Population trends of island warblers
The case of the Laysan and Nihoa Millerbirds
241
243
7 What it takes to be a successful reed warbler
colonizer
244
13 A life of change - population and
conservation Issues
246
1 Range, abundance, and species numbers
248
2 Reasons to be positive
3 Negative population trends and their causes
250
252
The example of European reed-dwelling acrocephaiids 252
252
198
199
Abandoning agricultural management
4 Some consequences of climate change
256
257
202
Changes on the breeding grounds
257
204
Changes on the wintering grounds
259
205
208
Migrating towards Africa
211
212
Crossing central Asia
214
Other geographical factors
215
3 Post-fledging movements, dispersal, and site
216
Nocturnal exploratory flights
217
Shall we go or shall we stay?
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219
4 M ortality predation, and parasites
5 Moult
240
254
255
Time is of the essence
fidelity
236
Reedswamp decline
Accumulating fat
2 Migration routes and wintering grounds
233
234
4 Morphological adaptations and the expansion
The case of Aquatic Warblers, part one
1 Getting organized for migration
229
Habitat loss
6 Promiscuity - no pair bonds for Aquatic
Warblers on the move and in moult
228
193
194
The polygyny threshold model
Warblers
7 The evolution of mating systems
Our island home
220
Strategies for when and where to moult
221
Scheduling the time and duration of moult
225
5 Conservation matters
Restoration of habitats
260
260
The case of Aquatic Warblers, part two
262
6 Aspects of population genetics
263
Ecological equivalents and convergence
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Morphological convergences
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268
Marsh dwellers in South America
270
Papyrus birds
272
Small changes - great consequences
2 Behavioural convergences
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274
Interspecific aggression
274
Mating systems
275
Polygyny in deep-water marshes
275
Promiscuity on marsh edges
277
Postscript
280
Acknowledgements
288
References
29O
Index
316